Nothing
tests/testthat/test-question-prefix.md
In felp: Functional Help for Functions, Objects, and Packages
output: md_document
## function (x)
## x
## <bytecode: 0x55c2662795e8>
## <environment: namespace:base>
## Identity Function
##
## Description:
##
## A trivial identity function returning its argument.
##
## Usage:
##
## identity(x)
##
## Arguments:
##
## x: an R object.
##
## See Also:
##
## 'diag' creates diagonal matrices, including identity ones.
## 'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:
## $ Sepal.Length: num 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
## $ Sepal.Width : num 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
## $ Petal.Length: num 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
## $ Petal.Width : num 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
## $ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## Edgar Anderson's Iris Data
##
## Description:
##
## This famous (Fisher's or Anderson's) iris data set gives the
## measurements in centimeters of the variables sepal length and
## width and petal length and width, respectively, for 50 flowers
## from each of 3 species of iris. The species are _Iris setosa_,
## _versicolor_, and _virginica_.
##
## Usage:
##
## iris
## iris3
##
## Format:
##
## 'iris' is a data frame with 150 cases (rows) and 5 variables
## (columns) named 'Sepal.Length', 'Sepal.Width', 'Petal.Length',
## 'Petal.Width', and 'Species'.
##
## 'iris3' gives the same data arranged as a 3-dimensional array of
## size 50 by 4 by 3, as represented by S-PLUS. The first dimension
## gives the case number within the species subsample, the second the
## measurements with names 'Sepal L.', 'Sepal W.', 'Petal L.', and
## 'Petal W.', and the third the species.
##
## Source:
##
## Fisher, R. A. (1936) The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic
## problems. _Annals of Eugenics_, *7*, Part II, 179-188.
##
## The data were collected by Anderson, Edgar (1935). The irises of
## the Gaspe Peninsula, _Bulletin of the American Iris Society_,
## *59*, 2-5.
##
## References:
##
## Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) _The New S
## Language_. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. (has 'iris3' as 'iris'.)
##
## See Also:
##
## 'matplot' some examples of which use 'iris'.
##
## Examples:
##
## dni3 <- dimnames(iris3)
## ii <- data.frame(matrix(aperm(iris3, c(1,3,2)), ncol = 4,
## dimnames = list(NULL, sub(" L.",".Length",
## sub(" W.",".Width", dni3[[2]])))),
## Species = gl(3, 50, labels = sub("S", "s", sub("V", "v", dni3[[3]]))))
## all.equal(ii, iris) # TRUE
## Information on package 'base'
##
## Description:
##
## Package: base
## Version: 3.6.1
## Priority: base
## Title: The R Base Package
## Author: R Core Team and contributors worldwide
## Maintainer: R Core Team <R-core@r-project.org>
## Description: Base R functions.
## License: Part of R 3.6.1
## Suggests: methods
## Built: R 3.6.1; ; 2019-09-16 01:29:12 UTC; unix
##
## Index:
##
## .Call Modern Interfaces to C/C++ code
## .Device Lists of Open/Active Graphics Devices
## .Internal Call an Internal Function
## .Last.value Value of Last Evaluated Expression
## .Library Search Paths for Packages
## .Machine Numerical Characteristics of the Machine
## .Platform Platform Specific Variables
## .Primitive Look Up a Primitive Function
## .bincode Bin a Numeric Vector
## .deparseOpts Options for Expression Deparsing
## .onLoad Hooks for Namespace Events
## .packages Listing of Packages
## .standard_regexps Miscellaneous Internal/Programming Utilities
## : Colon Operator
## :: Double Colon and Triple Colon Operators
## @ Extract or Replace A Slot
## Arithmetic Arithmetic Operators
## AsIs Inhibit Interpretation/Conversion of Objects
## Bessel Bessel Functions
## Comparison Relational Operators
## Constants Built-in Constants
## Control Control Flow
## Cstack_info Report Information on C Stack Size and Usage
## DateTimeClasses Date-Time Classes
## Dates Date Class
## Defunct Marking Objects as Defunct
## Deprecated Marking Objects as Deprecated
## Encoding Read or Set the Declared Encodings for a
## Character Vector
## Extract Extract or Replace Parts of an Object
## Filter Common Higher-Order Functions in Functional
## Programming Languages
## Foreign Foreign Function Interface
## ISOdatetime Date-time Conversion Functions from Numeric
## Representations
## InternalMethods Internal Generic Functions
## La_library LAPACK Library
## La_version LAPACK Version
## Logic Logical Operators
## Memory Memory Available for Data Storage
## Memory-limits Memory Limits in R
## NA 'Not Available' / Missing Values
## NULL The Null Object
## NotYetImplemented Not Yet Implemented Functions and Unused
## Arguments
## NumericConstants Numeric Constants
## Ops.Date Operators on the Date Class
## Paren Parentheses and Braces
## Quotes Quotes
## R.Version Version Information
## R.home Return the R Home Directory
## Random Random Number Generation
## Random.user User-supplied Random Number Generation
## Rdconv Utilities for Processing Rd Files
## Recall Recursive Calling
## Reserved Reserved Words in R
## Signals Interrupting Execution of R
## Special Special Functions of Mathematics
## Startup Initialization at Start of an R Session
## Syntax Operator Syntax and Precedence
## Sys.getenv Get Environment Variables
## Sys.getpid Get the Process ID of the R Session
## Sys.glob Wildcard Expansion on File Paths
## Sys.info Extract System and User Information
## Sys.localeconv Find Details of the Numerical and Monetary
## Representations in the Current Locale
## Sys.readlink Read File Symbolic Links
## Sys.setFileTime Set File Time
## Sys.setenv Set or Unset Environment Variables
## Sys.sleep Suspend Execution for a Time Interval
## Sys.time Get Current Date and Time
## Sys.which Find Full Paths to Executables
## Trig Trigonometric Functions
## UseMethod Class Methods
## Vectorize Vectorize a Scalar Function
## [.data.frame Extract or Replace Parts of a Data Frame
## [.factor Extract or Replace Parts of a Factor
## abbreviate Abbreviate Strings
## abs Miscellaneous Mathematical Functions
## addTaskCallback Add or Remove a Top-Level Task Callback
## agrep Approximate String Matching (Fuzzy Matching)
## all Are All Values True?
## all.equal Test if Two Objects are (Nearly) Equal
## all.names Find All Names in an Expression
## any Are Some Values True?
## aperm Array Transposition
## append Vector Merging
## apply Apply Functions Over Array Margins
## args Argument List of a Function
## array Multi-way Arrays
## as.Date Date Conversion Functions to and from Character
## as.POSIXct Date-time Conversion Functions
## as.data.frame Coerce to a Data Frame
## as.environment Coerce to an Environment Object
## as.function Convert Object to Function
## asplit Split Array/Matrix By Its Margins
## assign Assign a Value to a Name
## assignOps Assignment Operators
## attach Attach Set of R Objects to Search Path
## attachNamespace Loading and Unloading Name Spaces
## attr Object Attributes
## attributes Object Attribute Lists
## autoload On-demand Loading of Packages
## backsolve Solve an Upper or Lower Triangular System
## base-package The R Base Package
## basename Manipulate File Paths
## bindenv Binding and Environment Locking, Active
## Bindings
## bitwNot Bitwise Logical Operations
## body Access to and Manipulation of the Body of a
## Function
## bquote Partial substitution in expressions
## browser Environment Browser
## browserText Functions to Retrieve Values Supplied by Calls
## to the Browser
## builtins Returns the Names of All Built-in Objects
## by Apply a Function to a Data Frame Split by
## Factors
## c Combine Values into a Vector or List
## call Function Calls
## callCC Call With Current Continuation
## capabilities Report Capabilities of this Build of R
## cat Concatenate and Print
## cbind Combine R Objects by Rows or Columns
## ceiling Rounding of Numbers
## char.expand Expand a String with Respect to a Target Table
## charToRaw Convert to or from Raw Vectors
## character Character Vectors
## charmatch Partial String Matching
## chartr Character Translation and Casefolding
## chkDots Warn About Extraneous Arguments in the "..." of
## Its Caller
## chol The Choleski Decomposition
## chol2inv Inverse from Choleski (or QR) Decomposition
## class Object Classes
## col Column Indexes
## colSums Form Row and Column Sums and Means
## commandArgs Extract Command Line Arguments
## comment Query or Set a '"comment"' Attribute
## complex Complex Numbers and Basic Functionality
## conditions Condition Handling and Recovery
## conflicts Search for Masked Objects on the Search Path
## connections Functions to Manipulate Connections (Files,
## URLs, ...)
## contributors R Project Contributors
## copyright Copyrights of Files Used to Build R
## cosh Hyperbolic Functions
## crossprod Matrix Crossproduct
## cumsum Cumulative Sums, Products, and Extremes
## curlGetHeaders Retrieve Headers from URLs
## cut Convert Numeric to Factor
## cut.POSIXt Convert a Date or Date-Time Object to a Factor
## data.class Object Classes
## data.frame Data Frames
## data.matrix Convert a Data Frame to a Numeric Matrix
## date System Date and Time
## debug Debug a Function
## delayedAssign Delay Evaluation
## deparse Expression Deparsing
## det Calculate the Determinant of a Matrix
## detach Detach Objects from the Search Path
## diag Matrix Diagonals
## diff Lagged Differences
## difftime Time Intervals / Differences
## dim Dimensions of an Object
## dimnames Dimnames of an Object
## dir.create Manipulation of Directories and File
## Permissions
## do.call Execute a Function Call
## dontCheck Identity Function to Suppress Checking
## dots ..., '..1', etc used in Functions
## double Double-Precision Vectors
## dput Write an Object to a File or Recreate it
## drop Drop Redundant Extent Information
## droplevels Drop Unused Levels from Factors
## dump Text Representations of R Objects
## duplicated Determine Duplicate Elements
## dyn.load Foreign Function Interface
## eapply Apply a Function Over Values in an Environment
## eigen Spectral Decomposition of a Matrix
## encodeString Encode Character Vector as for Printing
## environment Environment Access
## environment variables Environment Variables
## eval Evaluate an (Unevaluated) Expression
## exists Is an Object Defined?
## expand.grid Create a Data Frame from All Combinations of
## Factor Variables
## expression Unevaluated Expressions
## extSoftVersion Report Versions of Third-Party Software
## factor Factors
## file.access Ascertain File Accessibility
## file.choose Choose a File Interactively
## file.info Extract File Information
## file.path Construct Path to File
## file.show Display One or More Text Files
## files File Manipulation
## find.package Find Packages
## findInterval Find Interval Numbers or Indices
## force Force Evaluation of an Argument
## forceAndCall Call a function with Some Arguments Forced
## formals Access to and Manipulation of the Formal
## Arguments
## format Encode in a Common Format
## format.info format(.) Information
## format.pval Format P Values
## formatC Formatting Using C-style Formats
## formatDL Format Description Lists
## function Function Definition
## gc Garbage Collection
## gc.time Report Time Spent in Garbage Collection
## gctorture Torture Garbage Collector
## get Return the Value of a Named Object
## getDLLRegisteredRoutines
## Reflectance Information for C/Fortran routines
## in a DLL
## getHook Functions to Get and Set Hooks for Load,
## Attach, Detach and Unload
## getLoadedDLLs Get DLLs Loaded in Current Session
## getNativeSymbolInfo Obtain a Description of one or more Native
## (C/Fortran) Symbols
## getTaskCallbackNames Query the Names of the Current Internal
## Top-Level Task Callbacks
## gettext Translate Text Messages
## getwd Get or Set Working Directory
## gl Generate Factor Levels
## grep Pattern Matching and Replacement
## grepRaw Pattern Matching for Raw Vectors
## groupGeneric S3 Group Generic Functions
## grouping Grouping Permutation
## gzcon (De)compress I/O Through Connections
## hexmode Display Numbers in Hexadecimal
## iconv Convert Character Vector between Encodings
## icuSetCollate Setup Collation by ICU
## identical Test Objects for Exact Equality
## identity Identity Function
## ifelse Conditional Element Selection
## integer Integer Vectors
## interaction Compute Factor Interactions
## interactive Is R Running Interactively?
## invisible Change the Print Mode to Invisible
## is.R Are we using R, rather than S?
## is.finite Finite, Infinite and NaN Numbers
## is.function Is an Object of Type (Primitive) Function?
## is.language Is an Object a Language Object?
## is.object Is an Object 'internally classed'?
## is.recursive Is an Object Atomic or Recursive?
## is.single Is an Object of Single Precision Type?
## is.unsorted Test if an Object is Not Sorted
## isS4 Test for an S4 object
## isSymmetric Test if a Matrix or other Object is Symmetric
## (Hermitian)
## jitter 'Jitter' (Add Noise) to Numbers
## kappa Compute or Estimate the Condition Number of a
## Matrix
## kronecker Kronecker Products on Arrays
## l10n_info Localization Information
## labels Find Labels from Object
## lapply Apply a Function over a List or Vector
## length Length of an Object
## lengths Lengths of List or Vector Elements
## levels Levels Attributes
## libcurlVersion Report Version of libcurl
## library Loading/Attaching and Listing of Packages
## library.dynam Loading DLLs from Packages
## license The R License Terms
## list Lists - Generic and Dotted Pairs
## list.files List the Files in a Directory/Folder
## list2env From A List, Build or Add To an Environment
## load Reload Saved Datasets
## locales Query or Set Aspects of the Locale
## log Logarithms and Exponentials
## logical Logical Vectors
## long vector Long Vectors
## lower.tri Lower and Upper Triangular Part of a Matrix
## ls List Objects
## make.names Make Syntactically Valid Names
## make.unique Make Character Strings Unique
## mapply Apply a Function to Multiple List or Vector
## Arguments
## margin.table Compute table margin
## mat.or.vec Create a Matrix or a Vector
## match Value Matching
## match.arg Argument Verification Using Partial Matching
## match.call Argument Matching
## match.fun Extract a Function Specified by Name
## matmult Matrix Multiplication
## matrix Matrices
## max Maxima and Minima
## max.col Find Maximum Position in Matrix
## mean Arithmetic Mean
## mem.maxVSize Query and Set Heap Size Limits
## memCompress In-memory Compression and Decompression
## memory.profile Profile the Usage of Cons Cells
## merge Merge Two Data Frames
## message Diagnostic Messages
## missing Does a Formal Argument have a Value?
## mode The (Storage) Mode of an Object
## name Names and Symbols
## names The Names of an Object
## nargs The Number of Arguments to a Function
## nchar Count the Number of Characters (or Bytes or
## Width)
## nlevels The Number of Levels of a Factor
## noquote Class for 'no quote' Printing of Character
## Strings
## norm Compute the Norm of a Matrix
## normalizePath Express File Paths in Canonical Form
## nrow The Number of Rows/Columns of an Array
## numeric Numeric Vectors
## numeric_version Numeric Versions
## octmode Display Numbers in Octal
## on.exit Function Exit Code
## options Options Settings
## order Ordering Permutation
## outer Outer Product of Arrays
## parse Parse R Expressions
## paste Concatenate Strings
## path.expand Expand File Paths
## pcre_config Report Configuration Options for PCRE
## pmatch Partial String Matching
## polyroot Find Zeros of a Real or Complex Polynomial
## pos.to.env Convert Positions in the Search Path to
## Environments
## pretty Pretty Breakpoints
## print Print Values
## print.data.frame Printing Data Frames
## print.default Default Printing
## prmatrix Print Matrices, Old-style
## proc.time Running Time of R
## prod Product of Vector Elements
## prop.table Express Table Entries as Fraction of Marginal
## Table
## pushBack Push Text Back on to a Connection
## qr The QR Decomposition of a Matrix
## qr.X Reconstruct the Q, R, or X Matrices from a QR
## Object
## quit Terminate an R Session
## range Range of Values
## rank Sample Ranks
## rapply Recursively Apply a Function to a List
## raw Raw Vectors
## rawConnection Raw Connections
## read.dcf Read and Write Data in DCF Format
## readBin Transfer Binary Data To and From Connections
## readChar Transfer Character Strings To and From
## Connections
## readLines Read Text Lines from a Connection
## readRDS Serialization Interface for Single Objects
## readRenviron Set Environment Variables from a File
## readline Read a Line from the Terminal
## reg.finalizer Finalization of Objects
## regex Regular Expressions as used in R
## regmatches Extract or Replace Matched Substrings
## remove Remove Objects from a Specified Environment
## rep Replicate Elements of Vectors and Lists
## replace Replace Values in a Vector
## rev Reverse Elements
## rle Run Length Encoding
## round.POSIXt Round / Truncate Data-Time Objects
## row Row Indexes
## row.names Get and Set Row Names for Data Frames
## rownames Row and Column Names
## rowsum Give Column Sums of a Matrix or Data Frame,
## Based on a Grouping Variable
## sQuote Quote Text
## sample Random Samples and Permutations
## save Save R Objects
## scale Scaling and Centering of Matrix-like Objects
## scan Read Data Values
## search Give Search Path for R Objects
## seek Functions to Reposition Connections
## seq Sequence Generation
## seq.Date Generate Regular Sequences of Dates
## seq.POSIXt Generate Regular Sequences of Times
## sequence Create A Vector of Sequences
## serialize Simple Serialization Interface
## setTimeLimit Set CPU and/or Elapsed Time Limits
## shQuote Quote Strings for Use in OS Shells
## showConnections Display Connections
## sign Sign Function
## sink Send R Output to a File
## slice.index Slice Indexes in an Array
## socketSelect Wait on Socket Connections
## solve Solve a System of Equations
## sort Sorting or Ordering Vectors
## source Read R Code from a File, a Connection or
## Expressions
## split Divide into Groups and Reassemble
## sprintf Use C-style String Formatting Commands
## srcfile References to Source Files and Code
## standardGeneric Formal Method System - Dispatching S4 Methods
## startsWith Does String Start or End With Another String?
## stop Stop Function Execution
## stopifnot Ensure the Truth of R Expressions
## strptime Date-time Conversion Functions to and from
## Character
## strrep Repeat the Elements of a Character Vector
## strsplit Split the Elements of a Character Vector
## strtoi Convert Strings to Integers
## strtrim Trim Character Strings to Specified Display
## Widths
## structure Attribute Specification
## strwrap Wrap Character Strings to Format Paragraphs
## subset Subsetting Vectors, Matrices and Data Frames
## substitute Substituting and Quoting Expressions
## substr Substrings of a Character Vector
## sum Sum of Vector Elements
## summary Object Summaries
## svd Singular Value Decomposition of a Matrix
## sweep Sweep out Array Summaries
## switch Select One of a List of Alternatives
## sys.parent Functions to Access the Function Call Stack
## sys.source Parse and Evaluate Expressions from a File
## system Invoke a System Command
## system.file Find Names of R System Files
## system.time CPU Time Used
## system2 Invoke a System Command
## t Matrix Transpose
## table Cross Tabulation and Table Creation
## tabulate Tabulation for Vectors
## tapply Apply a Function Over a Ragged Array
## taskCallbackManager Create an R-level Task Callback Manager
## tempfile Create Names for Temporary Files
## textConnection Text Connections
## tilde Tilde Operator
## timezones Time Zones
## toString Convert an R Object to a Character String
## topenv Top Level Environment
## trace Interactive Tracing and Debugging of Calls to a
## Function or Method
## traceback Get and Print Call Stacks
## tracemem Trace Copying of Objects
## transform Transform an Object, for Example a Data Frame
## trimws Remove Leading/Trailing Whitespace
## try Try an Expression Allowing Error Recovery
## typeof The Type of an Object
## union Set Operations
## unique Extract Unique Elements
## unlink Delete Files and Directories
## unlist Flatten Lists
## unname Remove 'names' or 'dimnames'
## utf8ToInt Convert Integer Vectors to or from
## UTF-8-encoded Character Vectors
## validUTF8 Check if a Character Vector is Validly Encoded
## vector Vectors
## warning Warning Messages
## warnings Print Warning Messages
## weekdays Extract Parts of a POSIXt or Date Object
## which Which indices are TRUE?
## which.min Where is the Min() or Max() or first TRUE or
## FALSE ?
## with Evaluate an Expression in a Data Environment
## withVisible Return both a Value and its Visibility
## write Write Data to a File
## writeLines Write Lines to a Connection
## xtfrm Auxiliary Function for Sorting and Ranking
## zapsmall Rounding of Numbers: Zapping Small Ones to Zero
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## function (x)
## x
## <bytecode: 0x55c2662795e8>
## <environment: namespace:base>
## Identity Function
##
## Description:
##
## A trivial identity function returning its argument.
##
## Usage:
##
## identity(x)
##
## Arguments:
##
## x: an R object.
##
## See Also:
##
## 'diag' creates diagonal matrices, including identity ones.
## 'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:
## $ Sepal.Length: num 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
## $ Sepal.Width : num 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
## $ Petal.Length: num 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
## $ Petal.Width : num 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
## $ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## Edgar Anderson's Iris Data
##
## Description:
##
## This famous (Fisher's or Anderson's) iris data set gives the
## measurements in centimeters of the variables sepal length and
## width and petal length and width, respectively, for 50 flowers
## from each of 3 species of iris. The species are _Iris setosa_,
## _versicolor_, and _virginica_.
##
## Usage:
##
## iris
## iris3
##
## Format:
##
## 'iris' is a data frame with 150 cases (rows) and 5 variables
## (columns) named 'Sepal.Length', 'Sepal.Width', 'Petal.Length',
## 'Petal.Width', and 'Species'.
##
## 'iris3' gives the same data arranged as a 3-dimensional array of
## size 50 by 4 by 3, as represented by S-PLUS. The first dimension
## gives the case number within the species subsample, the second the
## measurements with names 'Sepal L.', 'Sepal W.', 'Petal L.', and
## 'Petal W.', and the third the species.
##
## Source:
##
## Fisher, R. A. (1936) The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic
## problems. _Annals of Eugenics_, *7*, Part II, 179-188.
##
## The data were collected by Anderson, Edgar (1935). The irises of
## the Gaspe Peninsula, _Bulletin of the American Iris Society_,
## *59*, 2-5.
##
## References:
##
## Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) _The New S
## Language_. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. (has 'iris3' as 'iris'.)
##
## See Also:
##
## 'matplot' some examples of which use 'iris'.
##
## Examples:
##
## dni3 <- dimnames(iris3)
## ii <- data.frame(matrix(aperm(iris3, c(1,3,2)), ncol = 4,
## dimnames = list(NULL, sub(" L.",".Length",
## sub(" W.",".Width", dni3[[2]])))),
## Species = gl(3, 50, labels = sub("S", "s", sub("V", "v", dni3[[3]]))))
## all.equal(ii, iris) # TRUE
## Information on package 'base'
##
## Description:
##
## Package: base
## Version: 3.6.1
## Priority: base
## Title: The R Base Package
## Author: R Core Team and contributors worldwide
## Maintainer: R Core Team <R-core@r-project.org>
## Description: Base R functions.
## License: Part of R 3.6.1
## Suggests: methods
## Built: R 3.6.1; ; 2019-09-16 01:29:12 UTC; unix
##
## Index:
##
## .Call Modern Interfaces to C/C++ code
## .Device Lists of Open/Active Graphics Devices
## .Internal Call an Internal Function
## .Last.value Value of Last Evaluated Expression
## .Library Search Paths for Packages
## .Machine Numerical Characteristics of the Machine
## .Platform Platform Specific Variables
## .Primitive Look Up a Primitive Function
## .bincode Bin a Numeric Vector
## .deparseOpts Options for Expression Deparsing
## .onLoad Hooks for Namespace Events
## .packages Listing of Packages
## .standard_regexps Miscellaneous Internal/Programming Utilities
## : Colon Operator
## :: Double Colon and Triple Colon Operators
## @ Extract or Replace A Slot
## Arithmetic Arithmetic Operators
## AsIs Inhibit Interpretation/Conversion of Objects
## Bessel Bessel Functions
## Comparison Relational Operators
## Constants Built-in Constants
## Control Control Flow
## Cstack_info Report Information on C Stack Size and Usage
## DateTimeClasses Date-Time Classes
## Dates Date Class
## Defunct Marking Objects as Defunct
## Deprecated Marking Objects as Deprecated
## Encoding Read or Set the Declared Encodings for a
## Character Vector
## Extract Extract or Replace Parts of an Object
## Filter Common Higher-Order Functions in Functional
## Programming Languages
## Foreign Foreign Function Interface
## ISOdatetime Date-time Conversion Functions from Numeric
## Representations
## InternalMethods Internal Generic Functions
## La_library LAPACK Library
## La_version LAPACK Version
## Logic Logical Operators
## Memory Memory Available for Data Storage
## Memory-limits Memory Limits in R
## NA 'Not Available' / Missing Values
## NULL The Null Object
## NotYetImplemented Not Yet Implemented Functions and Unused
## Arguments
## NumericConstants Numeric Constants
## Ops.Date Operators on the Date Class
## Paren Parentheses and Braces
## Quotes Quotes
## R.Version Version Information
## R.home Return the R Home Directory
## Random Random Number Generation
## Random.user User-supplied Random Number Generation
## Rdconv Utilities for Processing Rd Files
## Recall Recursive Calling
## Reserved Reserved Words in R
## Signals Interrupting Execution of R
## Special Special Functions of Mathematics
## Startup Initialization at Start of an R Session
## Syntax Operator Syntax and Precedence
## Sys.getenv Get Environment Variables
## Sys.getpid Get the Process ID of the R Session
## Sys.glob Wildcard Expansion on File Paths
## Sys.info Extract System and User Information
## Sys.localeconv Find Details of the Numerical and Monetary
## Representations in the Current Locale
## Sys.readlink Read File Symbolic Links
## Sys.setFileTime Set File Time
## Sys.setenv Set or Unset Environment Variables
## Sys.sleep Suspend Execution for a Time Interval
## Sys.time Get Current Date and Time
## Sys.which Find Full Paths to Executables
## Trig Trigonometric Functions
## UseMethod Class Methods
## Vectorize Vectorize a Scalar Function
## [.data.frame Extract or Replace Parts of a Data Frame
## [.factor Extract or Replace Parts of a Factor
## abbreviate Abbreviate Strings
## abs Miscellaneous Mathematical Functions
## addTaskCallback Add or Remove a Top-Level Task Callback
## agrep Approximate String Matching (Fuzzy Matching)
## all Are All Values True?
## all.equal Test if Two Objects are (Nearly) Equal
## all.names Find All Names in an Expression
## any Are Some Values True?
## aperm Array Transposition
## append Vector Merging
## apply Apply Functions Over Array Margins
## args Argument List of a Function
## array Multi-way Arrays
## as.Date Date Conversion Functions to and from Character
## as.POSIXct Date-time Conversion Functions
## as.data.frame Coerce to a Data Frame
## as.environment Coerce to an Environment Object
## as.function Convert Object to Function
## asplit Split Array/Matrix By Its Margins
## assign Assign a Value to a Name
## assignOps Assignment Operators
## attach Attach Set of R Objects to Search Path
## attachNamespace Loading and Unloading Name Spaces
## attr Object Attributes
## attributes Object Attribute Lists
## autoload On-demand Loading of Packages
## backsolve Solve an Upper or Lower Triangular System
## base-package The R Base Package
## basename Manipulate File Paths
## bindenv Binding and Environment Locking, Active
## Bindings
## bitwNot Bitwise Logical Operations
## body Access to and Manipulation of the Body of a
## Function
## bquote Partial substitution in expressions
## browser Environment Browser
## browserText Functions to Retrieve Values Supplied by Calls
## to the Browser
## builtins Returns the Names of All Built-in Objects
## by Apply a Function to a Data Frame Split by
## Factors
## c Combine Values into a Vector or List
## call Function Calls
## callCC Call With Current Continuation
## capabilities Report Capabilities of this Build of R
## cat Concatenate and Print
## cbind Combine R Objects by Rows or Columns
## ceiling Rounding of Numbers
## char.expand Expand a String with Respect to a Target Table
## charToRaw Convert to or from Raw Vectors
## character Character Vectors
## charmatch Partial String Matching
## chartr Character Translation and Casefolding
## chkDots Warn About Extraneous Arguments in the "..." of
## Its Caller
## chol The Choleski Decomposition
## chol2inv Inverse from Choleski (or QR) Decomposition
## class Object Classes
## col Column Indexes
## colSums Form Row and Column Sums and Means
## commandArgs Extract Command Line Arguments
## comment Query or Set a '"comment"' Attribute
## complex Complex Numbers and Basic Functionality
## conditions Condition Handling and Recovery
## conflicts Search for Masked Objects on the Search Path
## connections Functions to Manipulate Connections (Files,
## URLs, ...)
## contributors R Project Contributors
## copyright Copyrights of Files Used to Build R
## cosh Hyperbolic Functions
## crossprod Matrix Crossproduct
## cumsum Cumulative Sums, Products, and Extremes
## curlGetHeaders Retrieve Headers from URLs
## cut Convert Numeric to Factor
## cut.POSIXt Convert a Date or Date-Time Object to a Factor
## data.class Object Classes
## data.frame Data Frames
## data.matrix Convert a Data Frame to a Numeric Matrix
## date System Date and Time
## debug Debug a Function
## delayedAssign Delay Evaluation
## deparse Expression Deparsing
## det Calculate the Determinant of a Matrix
## detach Detach Objects from the Search Path
## diag Matrix Diagonals
## diff Lagged Differences
## difftime Time Intervals / Differences
## dim Dimensions of an Object
## dimnames Dimnames of an Object
## dir.create Manipulation of Directories and File
## Permissions
## do.call Execute a Function Call
## dontCheck Identity Function to Suppress Checking
## dots ..., '..1', etc used in Functions
## double Double-Precision Vectors
## dput Write an Object to a File or Recreate it
## drop Drop Redundant Extent Information
## droplevels Drop Unused Levels from Factors
## dump Text Representations of R Objects
## duplicated Determine Duplicate Elements
## dyn.load Foreign Function Interface
## eapply Apply a Function Over Values in an Environment
## eigen Spectral Decomposition of a Matrix
## encodeString Encode Character Vector as for Printing
## environment Environment Access
## environment variables Environment Variables
## eval Evaluate an (Unevaluated) Expression
## exists Is an Object Defined?
## expand.grid Create a Data Frame from All Combinations of
## Factor Variables
## expression Unevaluated Expressions
## extSoftVersion Report Versions of Third-Party Software
## factor Factors
## file.access Ascertain File Accessibility
## file.choose Choose a File Interactively
## file.info Extract File Information
## file.path Construct Path to File
## file.show Display One or More Text Files
## files File Manipulation
## find.package Find Packages
## findInterval Find Interval Numbers or Indices
## force Force Evaluation of an Argument
## forceAndCall Call a function with Some Arguments Forced
## formals Access to and Manipulation of the Formal
## Arguments
## format Encode in a Common Format
## format.info format(.) Information
## format.pval Format P Values
## formatC Formatting Using C-style Formats
## formatDL Format Description Lists
## function Function Definition
## gc Garbage Collection
## gc.time Report Time Spent in Garbage Collection
## gctorture Torture Garbage Collector
## get Return the Value of a Named Object
## getDLLRegisteredRoutines
## Reflectance Information for C/Fortran routines
## in a DLL
## getHook Functions to Get and Set Hooks for Load,
## Attach, Detach and Unload
## getLoadedDLLs Get DLLs Loaded in Current Session
## getNativeSymbolInfo Obtain a Description of one or more Native
## (C/Fortran) Symbols
## getTaskCallbackNames Query the Names of the Current Internal
## Top-Level Task Callbacks
## gettext Translate Text Messages
## getwd Get or Set Working Directory
## gl Generate Factor Levels
## grep Pattern Matching and Replacement
## grepRaw Pattern Matching for Raw Vectors
## groupGeneric S3 Group Generic Functions
## grouping Grouping Permutation
## gzcon (De)compress I/O Through Connections
## hexmode Display Numbers in Hexadecimal
## iconv Convert Character Vector between Encodings
## icuSetCollate Setup Collation by ICU
## identical Test Objects for Exact Equality
## identity Identity Function
## ifelse Conditional Element Selection
## integer Integer Vectors
## interaction Compute Factor Interactions
## interactive Is R Running Interactively?
## invisible Change the Print Mode to Invisible
## is.R Are we using R, rather than S?
## is.finite Finite, Infinite and NaN Numbers
## is.function Is an Object of Type (Primitive) Function?
## is.language Is an Object a Language Object?
## is.object Is an Object 'internally classed'?
## is.recursive Is an Object Atomic or Recursive?
## is.single Is an Object of Single Precision Type?
## is.unsorted Test if an Object is Not Sorted
## isS4 Test for an S4 object
## isSymmetric Test if a Matrix or other Object is Symmetric
## (Hermitian)
## jitter 'Jitter' (Add Noise) to Numbers
## kappa Compute or Estimate the Condition Number of a
## Matrix
## kronecker Kronecker Products on Arrays
## l10n_info Localization Information
## labels Find Labels from Object
## lapply Apply a Function over a List or Vector
## length Length of an Object
## lengths Lengths of List or Vector Elements
## levels Levels Attributes
## libcurlVersion Report Version of libcurl
## library Loading/Attaching and Listing of Packages
## library.dynam Loading DLLs from Packages
## license The R License Terms
## list Lists - Generic and Dotted Pairs
## list.files List the Files in a Directory/Folder
## list2env From A List, Build or Add To an Environment
## load Reload Saved Datasets
## locales Query or Set Aspects of the Locale
## log Logarithms and Exponentials
## logical Logical Vectors
## long vector Long Vectors
## lower.tri Lower and Upper Triangular Part of a Matrix
## ls List Objects
## make.names Make Syntactically Valid Names
## make.unique Make Character Strings Unique
## mapply Apply a Function to Multiple List or Vector
## Arguments
## margin.table Compute table margin
## mat.or.vec Create a Matrix or a Vector
## match Value Matching
## match.arg Argument Verification Using Partial Matching
## match.call Argument Matching
## match.fun Extract a Function Specified by Name
## matmult Matrix Multiplication
## matrix Matrices
## max Maxima and Minima
## max.col Find Maximum Position in Matrix
## mean Arithmetic Mean
## mem.maxVSize Query and Set Heap Size Limits
## memCompress In-memory Compression and Decompression
## memory.profile Profile the Usage of Cons Cells
## merge Merge Two Data Frames
## message Diagnostic Messages
## missing Does a Formal Argument have a Value?
## mode The (Storage) Mode of an Object
## name Names and Symbols
## names The Names of an Object
## nargs The Number of Arguments to a Function
## nchar Count the Number of Characters (or Bytes or
## Width)
## nlevels The Number of Levels of a Factor
## noquote Class for 'no quote' Printing of Character
## Strings
## norm Compute the Norm of a Matrix
## normalizePath Express File Paths in Canonical Form
## nrow The Number of Rows/Columns of an Array
## numeric Numeric Vectors
## numeric_version Numeric Versions
## octmode Display Numbers in Octal
## on.exit Function Exit Code
## options Options Settings
## order Ordering Permutation
## outer Outer Product of Arrays
## parse Parse R Expressions
## paste Concatenate Strings
## path.expand Expand File Paths
## pcre_config Report Configuration Options for PCRE
## pmatch Partial String Matching
## polyroot Find Zeros of a Real or Complex Polynomial
## pos.to.env Convert Positions in the Search Path to
## Environments
## pretty Pretty Breakpoints
## print Print Values
## print.data.frame Printing Data Frames
## print.default Default Printing
## prmatrix Print Matrices, Old-style
## proc.time Running Time of R
## prod Product of Vector Elements
## prop.table Express Table Entries as Fraction of Marginal
## Table
## pushBack Push Text Back on to a Connection
## qr The QR Decomposition of a Matrix
## qr.X Reconstruct the Q, R, or X Matrices from a QR
## Object
## quit Terminate an R Session
## range Range of Values
## rank Sample Ranks
## rapply Recursively Apply a Function to a List
## raw Raw Vectors
## rawConnection Raw Connections
## read.dcf Read and Write Data in DCF Format
## readBin Transfer Binary Data To and From Connections
## readChar Transfer Character Strings To and From
## Connections
## readLines Read Text Lines from a Connection
## readRDS Serialization Interface for Single Objects
## readRenviron Set Environment Variables from a File
## readline Read a Line from the Terminal
## reg.finalizer Finalization of Objects
## regex Regular Expressions as used in R
## regmatches Extract or Replace Matched Substrings
## remove Remove Objects from a Specified Environment
## rep Replicate Elements of Vectors and Lists
## replace Replace Values in a Vector
## rev Reverse Elements
## rle Run Length Encoding
## round.POSIXt Round / Truncate Data-Time Objects
## row Row Indexes
## row.names Get and Set Row Names for Data Frames
## rownames Row and Column Names
## rowsum Give Column Sums of a Matrix or Data Frame,
## Based on a Grouping Variable
## sQuote Quote Text
## sample Random Samples and Permutations
## save Save R Objects
## scale Scaling and Centering of Matrix-like Objects
## scan Read Data Values
## search Give Search Path for R Objects
## seek Functions to Reposition Connections
## seq Sequence Generation
## seq.Date Generate Regular Sequences of Dates
## seq.POSIXt Generate Regular Sequences of Times
## sequence Create A Vector of Sequences
## serialize Simple Serialization Interface
## setTimeLimit Set CPU and/or Elapsed Time Limits
## shQuote Quote Strings for Use in OS Shells
## showConnections Display Connections
## sign Sign Function
## sink Send R Output to a File
## slice.index Slice Indexes in an Array
## socketSelect Wait on Socket Connections
## solve Solve a System of Equations
## sort Sorting or Ordering Vectors
## source Read R Code from a File, a Connection or
## Expressions
## split Divide into Groups and Reassemble
## sprintf Use C-style String Formatting Commands
## srcfile References to Source Files and Code
## standardGeneric Formal Method System - Dispatching S4 Methods
## startsWith Does String Start or End With Another String?
## stop Stop Function Execution
## stopifnot Ensure the Truth of R Expressions
## strptime Date-time Conversion Functions to and from
## Character
## strrep Repeat the Elements of a Character Vector
## strsplit Split the Elements of a Character Vector
## strtoi Convert Strings to Integers
## strtrim Trim Character Strings to Specified Display
## Widths
## structure Attribute Specification
## strwrap Wrap Character Strings to Format Paragraphs
## subset Subsetting Vectors, Matrices and Data Frames
## substitute Substituting and Quoting Expressions
## substr Substrings of a Character Vector
## sum Sum of Vector Elements
## summary Object Summaries
## svd Singular Value Decomposition of a Matrix
## sweep Sweep out Array Summaries
## switch Select One of a List of Alternatives
## sys.parent Functions to Access the Function Call Stack
## sys.source Parse and Evaluate Expressions from a File
## system Invoke a System Command
## system.file Find Names of R System Files
## system.time CPU Time Used
## system2 Invoke a System Command
## t Matrix Transpose
## table Cross Tabulation and Table Creation
## tabulate Tabulation for Vectors
## tapply Apply a Function Over a Ragged Array
## taskCallbackManager Create an R-level Task Callback Manager
## tempfile Create Names for Temporary Files
## textConnection Text Connections
## tilde Tilde Operator
## timezones Time Zones
## toString Convert an R Object to a Character String
## topenv Top Level Environment
## trace Interactive Tracing and Debugging of Calls to a
## Function or Method
## traceback Get and Print Call Stacks
## tracemem Trace Copying of Objects
## transform Transform an Object, for Example a Data Frame
## trimws Remove Leading/Trailing Whitespace
## try Try an Expression Allowing Error Recovery
## typeof The Type of an Object
## union Set Operations
## unique Extract Unique Elements
## unlink Delete Files and Directories
## unlist Flatten Lists
## unname Remove 'names' or 'dimnames'
## utf8ToInt Convert Integer Vectors to or from
## UTF-8-encoded Character Vectors
## validUTF8 Check if a Character Vector is Validly Encoded
## vector Vectors
## warning Warning Messages
## warnings Print Warning Messages
## weekdays Extract Parts of a POSIXt or Date Object
## which Which indices are TRUE?
## which.min Where is the Min() or Max() or first TRUE or
## FALSE ?
## with Evaluate an Expression in a Data Environment
## withVisible Return both a Value and its Visibility
## write Write Data to a File
## writeLines Write Lines to a Connection
## xtfrm Auxiliary Function for Sorting and Ranking
## zapsmall Rounding of Numbers: Zapping Small Ones to Zero
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