For performing quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) the open-source R
package kwb.qmra
(available at: Github and Zenodo) was developed at KWB within the
DEMOWARE project.
With the kwb.qmra
package a QMRA was performed for the Old Ford site within the
DEMOWARE project in order to assesss different wastewater reuse options (for details
see: Zenodo).
The general workflow for using the R package kwb.qmra
is shown in Fig. 1 below.
The QMRA calculation is based on input data which are stored in six different .CSV configuration files as shown in Fig. 2 below.
These contain the required information for:
Inflow concentrations (defined in inflow.csv
): inflow concentrations (fixed value or
following a predefined distribution: e.g. min/max values in case of uniform distribution).
Inflow concentrations need to be defined for all pathogens that should be used for QMRA.
Treatment processes (defined in treatment_processes.csv
): for each treatment process
the log-removals for the three different pathogen groups (i.e. Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses)
need to be defined. Again these can be either defined as fixed value or following a used
defined distribution (e.g. uniform, which requires specifying min/max values). Ranges for
log-removals can be found for example in WHO (2011)
Treatment schemes (defined in treatment_schemes.csv
): different treatment processes
(defined in treatment_processes.csv
) can be combined to treatment schemes (e.g.
bankfiltration + slow sand filtration). All defined treatment schemes will be considered
in the QMRA calculation.
Exposure scenario (defined in exposure.csv
): i.e. the number of exposures
per year and the ingested volume per event, which can be defined as fixed value or
by following a predefined distribution (e.g. uniform, triangle). In case of a
Monte-Carlo simulation the number of random distribution generations can be specified
here also.
Dose-response modelling (defined in doseresponse.csv
): the best-fit model (i.e.
exponential or beta-poisson) and its parameters for each pathogen are taken from QMRAwiki (2016).
Health parameters (defined in health.csv
): for all pathogens to be used for QMRA the
infection to illness factor and the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) per case need to be
defined. Values for these parameters can be found for example in WHO (2011)
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