#'
#' The EliminatePwl class.
#'
#' This class eliminates piecewise linear atoms.
#'
#' @rdname EliminatePwl-class
.EliminatePwl <- setClass("EliminatePwl", contains = "Canonicalization")
EliminatePwl <- function(problem = NULL) { .EliminatePwl(problem = problem) }
setMethod("initialize", "EliminatePwl", function(.Object, ...) {
callNextMethod(.Object, ..., canon_methods = EliminatePwl.CANON_METHODS)
})
#' @param object An \linkS4class{EliminatePwl} object.
#' @param problem A \linkS4class{Problem} object.
#' @describeIn EliminatePwl Does this problem contain piecewise linear atoms?
setMethod("accepts", signature(object = "EliminatePwl", problem = "Problem"), function(object, problem) {
atom_types <- sapply(atoms(problem), function(atom) { class(atom) })
pwl_types <- c("Abs", "MaxElemwise", "SumLargest", "MaxEntries", "Norm1", "NormInf")
return(any(sapply(atom_types, function(atom) { atom %in% pwl_types })))
})
setMethod("perform", signature(object = "EliminatePwl", problem = "Problem"), function(object, problem) {
if(!accepts(object, problem))
stop("Cannot canonicalize away piecewise linear atoms.")
callNextMethod(object, problem)
})
# Atom canonicalizers.
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the absolute atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the picewise-lienar atom
#' constructed from an absolute atom where the objective function
#' consists of the variable that is of the same dimension as the
#' original expression and the constraints consist of splitting
#' the absolute value into two inequalities.
#'
EliminatePwl.abs_canon <- function(expr, args) {
x <- args[[1]]
# t <- Variable(dim(expr))
t <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
constraints <- list(t >= x, t >= -x)
return(list(t, constraints))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the cumulative max atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed from a cumulative max atom where the objective
#' function consists of the variable Y which is of the same
#' dimension as the original expression and the constraints
#' consist of row/column constraints depending on the axis
EliminatePwl.cummax_canon <- function(expr, args) {
X <- args[[1]]
axis <- expr@axis
# Implicit O(n) definition:
# Y_{k} = maximum(Y_{k-1}, X_k)
# Y <- Variable(dim(expr))
Y <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
constr <- list(X <= Y)
if(axis == 2) {
if(nrow(Y) > 1)
constr <- c(constr, list(Y[1:(nrow(Y)-1),] <= Y[2:nrow(Y),]))
} else {
if(ncol(Y) > 1)
constr <- c(constr, list(Y[,1:(ncol(Y)-1)] <= Y[,2:ncol(Y)]))
}
return(list(Y, constr))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the cumulative sum atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed from a cumulative sum atom where the objective
#' is Y that is of the same dimension as the matrix of the expression
#' and the constraints consist of various row constraints
EliminatePwl.cumsum_canon <- function(expr, args) {
X <- args[[1]]
axis <- expr@axis
# Implicit O(n) definition:
# X = Y[1,:] - Y[2:nrow(Y),:]
# Y <- Variable(dim(expr))
Y <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
if(axis == 2) { # Cumulative sum on each column
constr <- list(Y[1,] == X[1,])
if(nrow(Y) > 1)
constr <- c(constr, list(X[2:nrow(X),] == Y[2:nrow(Y),] - Y[1:(nrow(Y)-1),]))
} else { # Cumulative sum on each row
constr <- list(Y[,1] == X[,1])
if(ncol(Y) > 1)
constr <- c(constr, list(X[,2:ncol(X)] == Y[,2:ncol(Y)] - Y[,1:(ncol(Y)-1)]))
}
return(list(Y, constr))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the max entries atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed from the max entries atom where the objective
#' function consists of the variable t of the same size as
#' the original expression and the constraints consist of
#' a vector multiplied by a vector of 1's.
EliminatePwl.max_entries_canon <- function(expr, args) {
x <- args[[1]]
axis <- expr@axis
# expr_dim <- dim(expr)
# t <- Variable(expr_dim)
t <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
if(is.na(axis)) # dim(expr) = c(1,1)
promoted_t <- promote(t, dim(x))
else if(axis == 2) # dim(expr) = c(1,n)
promoted_t <- Constant(matrix(1, nrow = nrow(x), ncol = 1) %*% reshape_expr(t, c(1, ncol(x))))
else # shape = c(m,1)
promoted_t <- reshape_expr(t, c(nrow(x), 1)) %*% Constant(matrix(1, nrow = 1, ncol = ncol(x)))
constraints <- list(x <= promoted_t)
return(list(t, constraints))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the elementwise maximum atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by a elementwise maximum atom where the
#' objective function is the variable t of the same dimension
#' as the expression and the constraints consist of a simple
#' inequality.
EliminatePwl.max_elemwise_canon <- function(expr, args) {
# expr_dim <- dim(expr)
# t <- Variable(expr_dim)
t <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
constraints <- lapply(args, function(elem) { t >= elem })
return(list(t, constraints))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the minimum entries atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by a minimum entries atom where the
#' objective function is the negative of variable
#' t produced by max_elemwise_canon of the same dimension
#' as the expression and the constraints consist of a simple
#' inequality.
EliminatePwl.min_entries_canon <- function(expr, args) {
if(length(args) != 1)
stop("Length of args must be one")
tmp <- MaxEntries(-args[[1]])
canon <- EliminatePwl.max_entries_canon(tmp, tmp@args)
return(list(-canon[[1]], canon[[2]]))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the elementwise minimum atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by a minimum elementwise atom where the
#' objective function is the negative of variable t
#' t produced by max_elemwise_canon of the same dimension
#' as the expression and the constraints consist of a simple
#' inequality.
EliminatePwl.min_elemwise_canon <- function(expr, args) {
tmp <- do.call(MaxElemwise, lapply(args, function(arg) { -arg }))
canon <- EliminatePwl.max_elemwise_canon(tmp, tmp@args)
return(list(-canon[[1]], canon[[2]]))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the 1 norm atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by the norm1 atom where the objective functino
#' consists of the sum of the variables created by the
#' abs_canon function and the constraints consist of
#' constraints generated by abs_canon.
EliminatePwl.norm1_canon <- function(expr, args) {
x <- args[[1]]
axis <- expr@axis
# We need an absolute value constraint for the symmetric convex branches (p >= 1)
constraints <- list()
# TODO: Express this more naturally (recursively) in terms of the other atoms
abs_expr <- abs(x)
xconstr <- EliminatePwl.abs_canon(abs_expr, abs_expr@args)
abs_x <- xconstr[[1]]
abs_constraints <- xconstr[[2]]
constraints <- c(constraints, abs_constraints)
return(list(SumEntries(abs_x, axis = axis), constraints))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the infinite norm atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by the infinite norm atom where the objective
#' function consists variable t of the same dimension as the
#' expression and the constraints consist of a vector
#' constructed by multiplying t to a vector of 1's
EliminatePwl.norm_inf_canon <- function(expr, args) {
x <- args[[1]]
axis <- expr@axis
# expr_dim <- dim(expr)
# t <- Variable(expr_dim)
t <- new("Variable", dim = dim(expr))
if(is.na(axis)) # dim(expr) = c(1,1)
promoted_t <- promote(t, dim(x))
else if(axis == 2) # dim(expr) = c(1,n)
promoted_t <- Constant(matrix(1, nrow = nrow(x), ncol = 1) %*% reshape_expr(t, c(1, ncol(x))))
else # shape = c(m,1)
promoted_t <- reshape_expr(t, c(nrow(x), 1)) %*% Constant(matrix(1, nrow = 1, ncol = ncol(x)))
return(list(t, list(x <= promoted_t, x + promoted_t >= 0)))
}
#'
#' EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the largest sum atom
#'
#' @param expr An \linkS4class{Expression} object
#' @param args A list of \linkS4class{Constraint} objects
#' @return A canonicalization of the piecewise-lienar atom
#' constructed by the k largest sums atom where the objective
#' function consists of the sum of variables t that is of
#' the same dimension as the expression plus k
EliminatePwl.sum_largest_canon <- function(expr, args) {
x <- args[[1]]
k <- expr@k
# min sum(t) + kq
# s.t. x <= t + q, 0 <= t
# t <- Variable(dim(x))
t <- new("Variable", dim = dim(x))
q <- Variable()
obj <- sum(t) + k*q
constraints <- list(x <= t + q, t >= 0)
return(list(obj, constraints))
}
EliminatePwl.CANON_METHODS <- list(Abs = EliminatePwl.abs_canon,
CumMax = EliminatePwl.cummax_canon,
CumSum = EliminatePwl.cumsum_canon,
MaxElemwise = EliminatePwl.max_elemwise_canon,
MaxEntries = EliminatePwl.max_entries_canon,
MinElemwise = EliminatePwl.min_elemwise_canon,
MinEntries = EliminatePwl.min_entries_canon,
Norm1 = EliminatePwl.norm1_canon,
NormInf = EliminatePwl.norm_inf_canon,
SumLargest = EliminatePwl.sum_largest_canon)
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