#' Converting ISIC and BEC Codes
#'
#' Concords International Standard Industrial Classification codes (ISIC Revision 2, 3, 3.1, 4) to and from Broad Economic Classification codes (BEC Revision 4) via the bridge of Harmonized System codes.
#'
#' @param sourcevar An input character vector of ISIC or BEC codes. The function accepts 1 to 4-digit codes for ISIC and 1 to 3-digit codes for BEC.
#' @param origin A string setting the input industry classification: "ISIC2" (1968), "ISIC3" (1989), "ISIC3.1" (2002), "ISIC4" (2008), "BEC4" (2016).
#' @param destination A string setting the output industry classification: "ISIC2" (1968), "ISIC3" (1989), "ISIC3.1" (2002), "ISIC4" (2008), "BEC4" (2016).
#' @param dest.digit An integer indicating the preferred number of digits for output codes. Allows 1 to 4 digits for ISIC and 1 to 3 digits for BEC codes. The default is 2 digits.
#' @param all Either TRUE or FALSE. If TRUE, the function will return (1) all matched outputs for each input, and (2) the share of occurrences for each matched output among all matched outputs. Users can use the shares as weights for more precise concordances. If FALSE, the function will only return the matched output with the largest share of occurrences (the mode match). If the mode consists of multiple matches, the function will return the first matched output.
#' @return The matched output(s) for each element of the input vector. Either a list object when all = TRUE or a character vector when all = FALSE.
#' @import tibble tidyr purrr dplyr stringr
#' @importFrom rlang := !! .data
#' @export
#' @source Concordance tables provided by:
#' \itemize{
#' \item United Nations Trade Statistics <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/classifications/correspondence-tables.asp>
#' }
#' @examples
#' # one input: one-to-multiple match
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = "1110",
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = FALSE)
#'
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = "1110",
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = TRUE)
#'
#' # two inputs: multiple-to-multiple match
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("3211", "2901"),
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = FALSE)
#'
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("3211", "2901"),
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = TRUE)
#'
#' # repeated inputs
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("3720", "3720"),
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = FALSE)
#'
#' # if no match, will return NA and give warning message
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("3721", "2911"),
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 2, all = FALSE)
#'
#' # 3-digit inputs, 1-digit outputs
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("372", "381"),
#' origin = "ISIC2", destination = "BEC4",
#' dest.digit = 1, all = TRUE)
#'
#' # BEC4 to ISIC2
#' concord_isic_bec(sourcevar = c("1", "7"),
#' origin = "BEC4", destination = "ISIC2",
#' dest.digit = 4, all = FALSE)
concord_isic_bec <- function (sourcevar,
origin,
destination,
dest.digit = 2,
all = FALSE) {
# check dest.digit of BEC4
if (destination == "BEC4" & dest.digit > 3){
dest.digit <- 2
warning(paste("BEC4 codes only accept 1, 2, 3-digit. If you are using 4 digits as the default, it is now reset to 2 digits."))
}
# load corresponding conversion dictionary and HS bridge based on years
if ((origin == "ISIC2" & destination == "BEC4") | (origin == "BEC4" & destination == "ISIC2")) {
dictionary <- concordance::hs0_bec4
hs.bridge <- "HS0"
} else if ((origin == "ISIC3" & destination == "BEC4") | (origin == "BEC4" & destination == "ISIC3")) {
dictionary <- concordance::hs0_bec4
hs.bridge <- "HS0"
} else if ((origin == "ISIC3.1" & destination == "BEC4") | (origin == "BEC4" & destination == "ISIC3.1")) {
dictionary <- concordance::hs2_bec4
hs.bridge <- "HS2"
} else if ((origin == "ISIC4" & destination == "BEC4") | (origin == "BEC4" & destination == "ISIC4")) {
dictionary <- concordance::hs3_bec4
hs.bridge <- "HS3"
} else {
stop("Conversion dictionary not available.")
}
# sanity check
if (length(sourcevar) == 0) {return(character(0))}
# get the number of unique digits, excluding NAs
digits <- unique(nchar(sourcevar))
digits <- digits[!is.na(digits)]
# check whether input codes have the same digits
if (length(digits) > 1) {stop("'sourcevar' has codes with different number of digits. Please ensure that input codes are at the same length.")}
# set acceptable digits for inputs and outputs
if ((origin == "ISIC2" | origin == "ISIC3" | origin == "ISIC3.1" | origin == "ISIC4") & (destination == "BEC4")){
origin.digits <- c(1, 2, 3, 4)
if (!(digits %in% origin.digits)) {stop("'sourcevar' only accepts 1, 2, 3, 4-digit inputs for ISIC codes.")}
destination.digits <- c(1, 2, 3)
if ((!dest.digit %in% destination.digits)) {stop("'dest.digit' only accepts 1, 2, 3-digit outputs for BEC4 codes.")}
} else if ((origin == "BEC4") & (destination == "ISIC2" | destination == "ISIC3" | destination == "ISIC3.1" | destination == "ISIC4")) {
if (max(digits > 3)) {stop("'sourcevar' only accepts 1, 2, 3-digit inputs for BEC4 codes.")
}
destination.digits <- c(1, 2, 3, 4)
if ((!dest.digit %in% destination.digits)) {stop("'dest.digit' only accepts 1, 2, 3, 4-digit outputs for ISIC codes.")}
} else {
stop("Concordance not supported.")
}
# get column names of dictionary
origin.codes <- names(dictionary)
destination.codes <- names(dictionary)
# write separately for two directions
if (destination == "BEC4"){
# allow origin / destination to be entered in any case
origin.var <- paste(toupper(hs.bridge), "_", 6, "d", sep = "")
destination.var <- paste(toupper(destination), "_", dest.digit, "d", sep = "")
if (!origin.var %in% origin.codes){stop("Origin code not supported.")}
if (!destination.var %in% destination.codes){stop("Destination code not supported.")}
# match to HS codes
sourcevar.hs <- concord(sourcevar, origin, hs.bridge, dest.digit = 6, all = TRUE)
# stack vectors of matched codes
sourcevar.post <- map_df(sourcevar.hs, function(x){
out <- tibble(code = pluck(x, 1))
})
# extract entire vector of codes
sourcevar.post <- sourcevar.post %>%
pull(.data$code)
# create df based on inputs
matched.df <- map2_df(1:length(sourcevar), sourcevar.hs, function(x, y){
out <- tibble(input = rep(sourcevar[[x]], length(pluck(sourcevar.post[[x]], 1))),
code = pluck(y, 1))
})
# concord NAICS codes to BEC codes and keep relevant columns
colnames(matched.df) <- c("input", origin.var)
matches.1 <- left_join(matched.df, dictionary, by = origin.var)
matches.1 <- matches.1 %>% select("input", all_of(destination.var))
# get rid of NAs
matches.1 <- matches.1 %>% drop_na()
} else { # if the other direction
# allow origin / destination to be entered in any case
origin.var <- paste(toupper(origin), "_", digits, "d", sep = "")
destination.var <- paste(toupper(hs.bridge), "_", 6, "d", sep = "")
if (!origin.var %in% origin.codes){stop("Origin code not supported.")}
if (!destination.var %in% destination.codes){stop("Destination code not supported.")}
# concord BEC codes to HS codes and keep relevant columns
sourcevar.dataframe <- as.data.frame(sourcevar)
colnames(sourcevar.dataframe) <- origin.var
matched.df <- left_join(sourcevar.dataframe, dictionary, by = origin.var)
matched.df <- matched.df %>% select(all_of(origin.var), all_of(destination.var))
# match to NAICS codes
hs.codes <- matched.df %>% select(all_of(destination.var)) %>%
pull()
suppressWarnings(sourcevar.isic <- concord(hs.codes, hs.bridge, destination, dest.digit = dest.digit, all = TRUE))
# stack vectors of matched codes
sourcevar.post <- map_df(sourcevar.isic, function(x){
out <- tibble(code = pluck(x, 1))
})
# extract entire vector of codes
sourcevar.post <- sourcevar.post %>%
pull(.data$code)
# create df based on inputs
bec <- matched.df %>% select(all_of(origin.var)) %>%
pull()
matches.1 <- map2_df(1:nrow(matched.df), sourcevar.isic, function(x, y){
out <- tibble(input = rep(bec[[x]], length(pluck(sourcevar.post[[x]], 1))),
code = pluck(y, 1))
})
# get rid of NAs
matches.1 <- matches.1 %>% drop_na()
}
# organize destination lists
dest.var <- matches.1 %>%
distinct() %>%
rename(!!origin := 1,
!!destination := 2) %>%
# if input is NA then match should be NA
mutate(!!as.name(destination) := if_else(is.na(!!as.name(origin)), NA_character_, !!as.name(destination))) %>%
group_by(!!as.name(origin), !!as.name(destination)) %>%
mutate(n = length(!!as.name(destination)),
n = ifelse(is.na(!!as.name(destination)), NA, n)) %>%
filter(!(is.na(n) & sum(!is.na(n)) > 0)) %>%
group_by(!!as.name(origin)) %>%
mutate(n_sum = sum(.data$n, na.rm = TRUE),
weight = .data$n/.data$n_sum) %>%
arrange(dplyr::desc(.data$weight)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
select(-n, -.data$n_sum) %>%
rename(match = !!as.name(destination))
# get rid of trailing zeroes
if (destination == "BEC4" & min(nchar(sub("0*$", "", dest.var$match)), na.rm = TRUE) < dest.digit) {
dest.var$match <- sub("0+$", "", as.character(dest.var$match))
warning(paste("Some of the matches are not available at the specified dest.digit. Instead, most fine-grained matches for BEC4 codes are provided."))
}
# keep info on all matches and weights?
if (all == TRUE){
# merge matches/weights according to input
out.merge <- nest_join(tibble(!!origin := sourcevar),
dest.var,
by = origin)
names(out.merge$dest.var) <- sourcevar
# fill NAs when there is no match
out <- map(out.merge$dest.var, function(x){
if(nrow(x) == 0){
out.sub <- list(match = NA_character_,
weight = NA)
} else {
out.sub <- list(match = x$match,
weight = x$weight)
}
})
} else {
# keep match with largest weight
# if multiple matches have the same weights, keep first match
dest.var.sub <- dest.var %>%
group_by(!!as.name(origin)) %>%
slice(1) %>%
ungroup() %>%
select(-.data$weight)
# handle repeated inputs
out <- dest.var.sub[match(sourcevar, dest.var.sub %>% pull(!!as.name(origin))), "match"] %>%
pull(match)
}
return(out)
}
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