Man pages for anqif/cvxr
Disciplined Convex Optimization
| abs | Absolute Value |
| Abs-class | The Abs class. |
| accepts | Reduction Acceptance |
| AddExpression-class | The AddExpression class. |
| AffAtom-class | The AffAtom class. |
| are_args_affine | Are the arguments affine? |
| Atom-class | The Atom class. |
| AxisAtom-class | The AxisAtom class. |
| BinaryOperator-class | The BinaryOperator class. |
| bmat | Block Matrix |
| CallbackParam-class | The CallbackParam class. |
| Canonical-class | The Canonical class. |
| Canonicalization-class | The Canonicalization class. |
| canonicalize | Canonicalize |
| CBC_CONIC-class | An interface to the CBC solver |
| cdiac | Global Monthly and Annual Temperature Anomalies (degrees C),... |
| Chain-class | The Chain class. |
| CLARABEL-class | An interface for the CLARABEL solver |
| CLARABEL.dims_to_solver_dict | Utility method for formatting a ConeDims instance into a... |
| CLARABEL.extract_dual_value | Extracts the dual value for constraint starting at offset. |
| Complex2Real.abs_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the absolute value atom |
| Complex2Real.add | Helper function to sum arguments. |
| Complex2Real.at_least_2D | Upcast 0D and 1D to 2D. |
| Complex2Real.binary_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the binary atom |
| Complex2Real.canonicalize_expr | Canonicalizes a Complex Expression |
| Complex2Real.canonicalize_tree | Recursively Canonicalizes a Complex Expression. |
| Complex2Real-class | Lifts complex numbers to a real representation. |
| Complex2Real.conj_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the conjugate atom |
| Complex2Real.constant_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the constant atom |
| Complex2Real.hermitian_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the hermitian atom |
| Complex2Real.imag_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the imaginary atom |
| Complex2Real.join | Helper function to combine arguments. |
| Complex2Real.lambda_sum_largest_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the largest sum atom |
| Complex2Real.matrix_frac_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the matrix fraction atom |
| Complex2Real.nonpos_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the non-positive atom |
| Complex2Real.norm_nuc_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the nuclear norm atom |
| Complex2Real.param_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the parameter matrix atom |
| Complex2Real.pnorm_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the p norm atom |
| Complex2Real.psd_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the positive semidefinite atom |
| Complex2Real.quad_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the quadratic atom |
| Complex2Real.quad_over_lin_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the quadratic over linear term atom |
| Complex2Real.real_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the real atom |
| Complex2Real.separable_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the separable atom |
| Complex2Real.soc_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the SOC atom |
| Complex2Real.variable_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the variable atom |
| Complex2Real.zero_canon | Complex canonicalizer for the zero atom |
| complex-atoms | Complex Numbers |
| complex-methods | Complex Properties |
| ConeDims-class | Summary of cone dimensions present in constraints. |
| ConeMatrixStuffing-class | Construct Matrices for Linear Cone Problems |
| cone-methods | Second-Order Cone Methods |
| ConicSolver-class | The ConicSolver class. |
| ConicSolver.get_coeff_offset | Return the coefficient and offset in Ax + b. |
| ConicSolver.get_spacing_matrix | Returns a sparse matrix that spaces out an expression. |
| Conjugate-class | The Conjugate class. |
| Constant-class | The Constant class. |
| ConstantSolver-class | The ConstantSolver class. |
| Constraint-class | The Constraint class. |
| construct_intermediate_chain-Problem-list-method | Builds a chain that rewrites a problem into an intermediate... |
| construct_solving_chain | Build a reduction chain from a problem to an installed... |
| constr_value | Is Constraint Violated? |
| conv | Discrete Convolution |
| Conv-class | The Conv class. |
| CPLEX_CONIC-class | An interface for the CPLEX solver |
| CPLEX_QP-class | An interface for the CPLEX solver. |
| cummax_axis | Cumulative Maximum |
| CumMax-class | The CumMax class. |
| cumsum_axis | Cumulative Sum |
| CumSum-class | The CumSum class. |
| curvature | Curvature of Expression |
| curvature-atom | Curvature of an Atom |
| curvature-comp | Curvature of Composition |
| curvature-methods | Curvature Properties |
| CvxAttr2Constr-class | The CvxAttr2Constr class. |
| CVXOPT-class | An interface for the CVXOPT solver. |
| cvxr_norm | Matrix Norm (Alternative) |
| CVXR-package | CVXR: Disciplined Convex Optimization in R |
| Dcp2Cone-class | Reduce DCP Problem to Conic Form |
| Dcp2Cone.entr_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the entropy atom |
| Dcp2Cone.exp_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the exponential atom |
| Dcp2Cone.geo_mean_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the geometric mean atom |
| Dcp2Cone.huber_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the huber atom |
| Dcp2Cone.indicator_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the indicator atom |
| Dcp2Cone.kl_div_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the KL Divergence atom |
| Dcp2Cone.lambda_max_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the lambda maximization atom |
| Dcp2Cone.lambda_sum_largest_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the largest lambda sum atom |
| Dcp2Cone.log1p_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the log 1p atom |
| Dcp2Cone.log_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the log atom |
| Dcp2Cone.log_det_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the log determinant atom |
| Dcp2Cone.logistic_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the logistic function atom |
| Dcp2Cone.log_sum_exp_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the log sum of the exp atom |
| Dcp2Cone.matrix_frac_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the matrix fraction atom |
| Dcp2Cone.normNuc_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the nuclear norm atom |
| Dcp2Cone.pnorm_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the p norm atom |
| Dcp2Cone.power_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the power atom |
| Dcp2Cone.quad_form_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the quadratic form atom |
| Dcp2Cone.quad_over_lin_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the quadratic over linear term... |
| Dcp2Cone.sigma_max_canon | Dcp2Cone canonicalizer for the sigma max atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.add_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the addition atom |
| Dgp2Dcp-class | Reduce DGP problems to DCP problems. |
| Dgp2Dcp.constant_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the constant atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.div_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the division atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.exp_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the exp atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.eye_minus_inv_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the (I - X)^{-1} atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.geo_mean_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the geometric mean atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.log_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the log atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.mul_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the multiplication atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.mulexpression_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the multiplication expression atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.nonpos_constr_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the non-positive constraint atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.norm1_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the 1 norm atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.norm_inf_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the infinite norm atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.one_minus_pos_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the 1-x atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.parameter_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the parameter atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.pf_eigenvalue_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the spectral radius atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.pnorm_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the p norm atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.power_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the power atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.prod_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the product atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.quad_form_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the quadratic form atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.quad_over_lin_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the quadratic over linear term atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.sum_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the sum atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.trace_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the trace atom |
| Dgp2Dcp.zero_constr_canon | Dgp2Dcp canonicalizer for the zero constraint atom |
| DgpCanonMethods-class | DGP canonical methods class. |
| diag | Matrix Diagonal |
| Diag-int | Turns an expression into a DiagVec object |
| DiagMat-class | The DiagMat class. |
| DiagVec-class | The DiagVec class. |
| diff | Lagged and Iterated Differences |
| Diff-int | Takes the k-th order differences |
| DiffPos | The DiffPos atom. |
| dim_from_args | Atom Dimensions |
| DivExpression-class | The DivExpression class. |
| domain | Domain |
| dot-build_matrix_0 | Get the 'sparse' flag field for the LinOp object |
| dot-build_matrix_1 | Get the 'sparse' flag field for the LinOp object |
| dot-decomp_quad | Compute a Matrix Decomposition. |
| dot-LinOp__args_push_back | Perform a push back operation on the 'args' field of LinOp |
| dot-LinOp_at_index | Return the LinOp element at index i (0-based) |
| dot-LinOp__get_dense_data | Get the field 'dense_data' for the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__get_id | Get the id field of the LinOp Object |
| dot-LinOp__get_size | Get the field 'size' for the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__get_slice | Get the slice field of the LinOp Object |
| dot-LinOp__get_sparse | Get the 'sparse' flag field for the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__get_sparse_data | Get the field named 'sparse_data' from the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__get_type | Get the field named 'type' for the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__new | Create a new LinOp object. |
| dot-LinOp__set_dense_data | Set the field 'dense_data' of the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__set_size | Set the field 'size' of the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__set_slice | Set the slice field of the LinOp Object |
| dot-LinOp__set_sparse | Set the flag 'sparse' of the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__set_sparse_data | Set the field named 'sparse_data' of the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__set_type | Set the field named 'type' for the LinOp object |
| dot-LinOp__size_push_back | Perform a push back operation on the 'size' field of LinOp |
| dot-LinOp__slice_push_back | Perform a push back operation on the 'slice' field of LinOp |
| dot-LinOpVector__new | Create a new LinOpVector object. |
| dot-LinOpVector__push_back | Perform a push back operation on the 'args' field of LinOp |
| dot-p_norm | Internal method for calculating the p-norm |
| dot-ProblemData__get_const_to_row | Get the const_to_row field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__get_const_vec | Get the const_vec field from the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__get_I | Get the I field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__get_id_to_col | Get the id_to_col field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__get_J | Get the J field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__get_V | Get the V field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__new | Create a new ProblemData object. |
| dot-ProblemData__set_const_to_row | Set the const_to_row map of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__set_const_vec | Set the const_vec field in the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__set_I | Set the I field in the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__set_id_to_col | Set the id_to_col field of the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__set_J | Set the J field in the ProblemData Object |
| dot-ProblemData__set_V | Set the V field in the ProblemData Object |
| dspop | Direct Standardization: Population |
| dssamp | Direct Standardization: Sample |
| dual_value-methods | Get and Set Dual Value |
| ECOS_BB-class | An interface for the ECOS BB solver. |
| ECOS-class | An interface for the ECOS solver |
| ECOS.dims_to_solver_dict | Utility method for formatting a ConeDims instance into a... |
| Elementwise-class | The Elementwise class. |
| EliminatePwl.abs_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the absolute atom |
| EliminatePwl-class | The EliminatePwl class. |
| EliminatePwl.cummax_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the cumulative max atom |
| EliminatePwl.cumsum_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the cumulative sum atom |
| EliminatePwl.max_elemwise_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the elementwise maximum atom |
| EliminatePwl.max_entries_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the max entries atom |
| EliminatePwl.min_elemwise_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the elementwise minimum atom |
| EliminatePwl.min_entries_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the minimum entries atom |
| EliminatePwl.norm1_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the 1 norm atom |
| EliminatePwl.norm_inf_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the infinite norm atom |
| EliminatePwl.sum_largest_canon | EliminatePwl canonicalizer for the largest sum atom |
| entr | Entropy Function |
| Entr-class | The Entr class. |
| EqConstraint-class | The EqConstraint class |
| EvalParams-class | The EvalParams class. |
| exp | Natural Exponential |
| Exp-class | The Exp class. |
| ExpCone-class | The ExpCone class. |
| Expression-class | The Expression class. |
| expression-parts | Parts of an Expression Leaf |
| extract_dual_value | Gets a specified value of a dual variable. |
| extract_mip_idx | Coalesces bool, int indices for variables. |
| eye_minus_inv | Unity Resolvent |
| EyeMinusInv-class | The EyeMinusInv class. |
| FlipObjective-class | The FlipObjective class. |
| format_constr | Format Constraints |
| geo_mean | Geometric Mean |
| GeoMean-class | The GeoMean class. |
| get_data | Get Expression Data |
| get_dual_values | Gets the values of the dual variables. |
| get_id | Get ID |
| get_np | Get numpy handle |
| get_problem_data | Get Problem Data |
| get_sp | Get scipy handle |
| GLPK-class | An interface for the GLPK solver. |
| GLPK_MI-class | An interface for the GLPK MI solver. |
| grad | Sub/Super-Gradient |
| graph_implementation | Graph Implementation |
| group_constraints | Organize the constraints into a dictionary keyed by... |
| GUROBI_CONIC-class | An interface for the GUROBI conic solver. |
| GUROBI_QP-class | An interface for the GUROBI_QP solver. |
| harmonic_mean | Harmonic Mean |
| HarmonicMean | The HarmonicMean atom. |
| hstack | Horizontal Concatenation |
| HStack-class | The HStack class. |
| huber | Huber Function |
| Huber-class | The Huber class. |
| id | Identification Number |
| Imag-class | The Imag class. |
| import_solver | Import Solver |
| Index-class | The Index class. |
| IneqConstraint-class | The IneqConstraint class |
| installed_solvers | List installed solvers |
| InverseData-class | The InverseData class. |
| invert | Return Original Solution |
| inv_pos | Reciprocal Function |
| is_dcp | DCP Compliance |
| is_dgp | DGP Compliance |
| is_mixed_integer | Is Problem Mixed Integer? |
| is_qp | Is Problem a QP? |
| is_stuffed_cone_constraint | Is the constraint a stuffed cone constraint? |
| is_stuffed_cone_objective | Is the objective a stuffed cone objective? |
| is_stuffed_qp_objective | Is the QP objective stuffed? |
| kl_div | Kullback-Leibler Divergence |
| KLDiv-class | The KLDiv class. |
| Kron-class | The Kron class. |
| kronecker | Kronecker Product |
| lambda_max | Maximum Eigenvalue |
| LambdaMax-class | The LambdaMax class. |
| lambda_min | Minimum Eigenvalue |
| LambdaMin | The LambdaMin atom. |
| lambda_sum_largest | Sum of Largest Eigenvalues |
| LambdaSumLargest-class | The LambdaSumLargest class. |
| lambda_sum_smallest | Sum of Smallest Eigenvalues |
| LambdaSumSmallest | The LambdaSumSmallest atom. |
| leaf-attr | Attributes of an Expression Leaf |
| Leaf-class | The Leaf class. |
| linearize | Affine Approximation to an Expression |
| ListORConstr-class | A Class Union of List and Constraint |
| log | Logarithms |
| Log1p-class | The Log1p class. |
| Log-class | The Log class. |
| log_det | Log-Determinant |
| LogDet-class | The LogDet class. |
| logistic | Logistic Function |
| Logistic-class | The Logistic class. |
| log_log_curvature | Log-Log Curvature of Expression |
| log_log_curvature-atom | Log-Log Curvature of an Atom |
| log_log_curvature-methods | Log-Log Curvature Properties |
| log_sum_exp | Log-Sum-Exponential |
| LogSumExp-class | The LogSumExp class. |
| make_sparse_diagonal_matrix | Make a CSC sparse diagonal matrix |
| matrix_frac | Matrix Fraction |
| MatrixFrac-class | The MatrixFrac class. |
| matrix_prop-methods | Matrix Properties |
| MatrixStuffing-class | The MatrixStuffing class. |
| matrix_trace | Matrix Trace |
| max_elemwise | Elementwise Maximum |
| MaxElemwise-class | The MaxElemwise class. |
| max_entries | Maximum |
| MaxEntries-class | The MaxEntries class. |
| Maximize-class | The Maximize class. |
| mean | Arithmetic Mean |
| min_elemwise | Elementwise Minimum |
| MinElemwise-class | The MinElemwise class. |
| min_entries | Minimum |
| MinEntries-class | The MinEntries class. |
| Minimize-class | The Minimize class. |
| mip_capable | Solver Capabilities |
| mixed_norm | Mixed Norm |
| MixedNorm | The MixedNorm atom. |
| MOSEK-class | An interface for the MOSEK solver. |
| MOSEK.parse_dual_vars | Parses MOSEK dual variables into corresponding CVXR... |
| MOSEK.recover_dual_variables | Recovers MOSEK solutions dual variables |
| mul_elemwise | Elementwise multiplication operator |
| MulExpression-class | The MulExpression class. |
| multiply | Elementwise Multiplication |
| Multiply-class | The Multiply class. |
| name | Variable, Parameter, or Expression Name |
| neg | Elementwise Negative |
| NegExpression-class | The NegExpression class. |
| Neg-int | An alias for -MinElemwise(x, 0) |
| NonlinearConstraint-class | The NonlinearConstraint class. |
| NonPosConstraint-class | The NonPosConstraint class |
| norm | Matrix Norm |
| norm1 | 1-Norm |
| Norm1-class | The Norm1 class. |
| norm2 | Euclidean Norm |
| Norm2-atom | The Norm2 atom. |
| Norm-atom | The Norm atom. |
| norm_inf | Infinity-Norm |
| NormInf-class | The NormInf class. |
| norm_nuc | Nuclear Norm |
| NormNuc-class | The NormNuc class. |
| Objective-arith | Arithmetic Operations on Objectives |
| Objective-class | The Objective class. |
| one_minus_pos | Difference on Restricted Domain |
| OneMinusPos-class | The OneMinusPos class. |
| OSQP-class | An interface for the OSQP solver. |
| Parameter-class | The Parameter class. |
| perform | Perform Reduction |
| pf_eigenvalue | Perron-Frobenius Eigenvalue |
| PfEigenvalue-class | The PfEigenvalue class. |
| p_norm | P-Norm |
| Pnorm-class | The Pnorm class. |
| pos | Elementwise Positive |
| Pos-int | An alias for MaxElemwise(x, 0) |
| power | Elementwise Power |
| Power-class | The Power class. |
| Problem-arith | Arithmetic Operations on Problems |
| Problem-class | The Problem class. |
| problem-parts | Parts of a Problem |
| prod_entries | Product of Entries |
| ProdEntries-class | The ProdEntries class. |
| project-methods | Project Value |
| Promote-class | The Promote class. |
| psd_coeff_offset | Given a problem returns a PSD constraint |
| PSDConstraint-class | The PSDConstraint class. |
| PSDWrap-class | The PSDWrap class. |
| psolve | Solve a DCP Problem |
| Qp2SymbolicQp-class | The Qp2SymbolicQp class. |
| QpMatrixStuffing-class | The QpMatrixStuffing class. |
| QpSolver-class | A QP solver interface. |
| quad_form | Quadratic Form |
| QuadForm-class | The QuadForm class. |
| quad_over_lin | Quadratic over Linear |
| QuadOverLin-class | The QuadOverLin class. |
| Rdict-class | The Rdict class. |
| Rdictdefault-class | The Rdictdefault class. |
| Real-class | The Real class. |
| reduce | Reduce a Problem |
| Reduction-class | The Reduction class. |
| ReductionSolver-class | The ReductionSolver class. |
| resetOptions | Reset Options |
| Reshape-class | The Reshape class. |
| reshape_expr | Reshape an Expression |
| residual-methods | Constraint Residual |
| retrieve | Retrieve Solution |
| scaled_lower_tri | Utility methods for special handling of semidefinite... |
| scaled_upper_tri | Utility methods for special handling of semidefinite... |
| scalene | Scalene Function |
| SCS-class | An interface for the SCS solver |
| SCS.dims_to_solver_dict | Utility method for formatting a ConeDims instance into a... |
| SCS.extract_dual_value | Extracts the dual value for constraint starting at offset. |
| setIdCounter | Set ID Counter |
| sigma_max | Maximum Singular Value |
| SigmaMax-class | The SigmaMax class. |
| sign | Sign of Expression |
| sign_from_args | Atom Sign |
| sign-methods | Sign Properties |
| size | Size of Expression |
| size-methods | Size Properties |
| SizeMetrics-class | The SizeMetrics class. |
| SOCAxis-class | The SOCAxis class. |
| SOC-class | The SOC class. |
| Solution-class | The Solution class. |
| SolverStats-class | The SolverStats class. |
| SolvingChain-class | The SolvingChain class. |
| SpecialIndex-class | The SpecialIndex class. |
| sqrt | Square Root |
| square | Square |
| sum_entries | Sum of Entries |
| SumEntries-class | The SumEntries class. |
| sum_largest | Sum of Largest Values |
| SumLargest-class | The SumLargest class. |
| sum_smallest | Sum of Smallest Values |
| SumSmallest | The SumSmallest atom. |
| sum_squares | Sum of Squares |
| SumSquares | The SumSquares atom. |
| SymbolicQuadForm-class | The SymbolicQuadForm class. |
| to_numeric | Numeric Value of Atom |
| TotalVariation | The TotalVariation atom. |
| Trace-class | The Trace class. |
| transpose | Matrix Transpose |
| Transpose-class | The Transpose class. |
| tri_to_full | Expands lower triangular to full matrix. |
| triu_to_full | Expands upper triangular to full matrix. |
| tv | Total Variation |
| UnaryOperator-class | The UnaryOperator class. |
| unpack_results | Parse output from a solver and updates problem state |
| updated_scaled_lower_tri | Utility methods for special handling of semidefinite... |
| upper_tri | Upper Triangle of a Matrix |
| UpperTri-class | The UpperTri class. |
| validate_args | Validate Arguments |
| validate_val | Validate Value |
| value-methods | Get or Set Value |
| Variable-class | The Variable class. |
| vec | Vectorization of a Matrix |
| vectorized_lower_tri_to_mat | Turns symmetric 2D array into a lower triangular matrix |
| vstack | Vertical Concatenation |
| VStack-class | The VStack class. |
| Wrap-class | The Wrap class. |
| ZeroConstraint-class | The ZeroConstraint class |
