cpt.np: Identifying Changes using a Nonparametric Cost Function

In changepoint.np: Methods for Nonparametric Changepoint Detection

Identifying Changes using a Nonparametric Cost Function

Description

Calculates the optimal positioning and number of changepoints for data given a user specified cost function and penalty.

Usage

cpt.np(
  data,
  penalty = "MBIC",
  pen.value = 0,
  method = "PELT",
  test.stat = "empirical_distribution",
  class = TRUE,
  minseglen = 1,
  nquantiles = 10,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

data	A vector, ts object or matrix containing the data within which you wish to find a changepoint. If the data is a matrix, each row is considered as a separate dataset.
penalty	Choice of "None", "SIC", "BIC", "MBIC", AIC", "Hannan-Quinn", "Manual" and "CROPS" penalties. If Manual is specified, the manual penalty is contained in the pen.value parameter. If CROPS is specified, the penalty range is contained in the pen.value parameter; note this is a vector of length 2 which contains the minimum and maximum penalty value. Note CROPS can only be used if the method is "PELT". The predefined penalties listed DO count the changepoint as a parameter, postfix a 0 e.g."SIC0" to NOT count the changepoint as a parameter.
pen.value	The value of the penalty when using the Manual penalty option. A vector of length 2 (min,max) if using the CROPS penalty.
method	Currently the only method is "PELT".
test.stat	The assumed test statistic/distribution of the data. Currently only "empirical_distribution".
class	Logical. If TRUE then an object of class cpt is returned.
minseglen	Positive integer giving the minimum segment length (number of observations between changes), default is the minimum allowed by theory.
nquantiles	The number of quantiles to calculate when test.stat = "empirical_distribution".
verbose	Logical value. If TRUE then progress will be reported when penalty=CROPS. Default value is TRUE.

Details

This function is used to find multiple changes in a data set using the changepoint algorithm PELT with a nonparametric cost function based on the empirical distribution. A changepoint is denoted as the first observation of the new segment.

Value

If class=TRUE then an object of S4 class "cpt" is returned. The slot cpts contains the changepoints that are returned. For class=FALSE the structure is as follows.

If data is a vector (single dataset) then a vector/list is returned depending on the value of method. If data is a matrix (multiple datasets) then a list is returned where each element in the list is either a vector or list depending on the value of method.

If method is PELT then a vector is returned containing the changepoint locations for the penalty supplied. If the penalty is CROPS then a list is returned with the elements:

cpt.out	A data frame containing the value of the penalty value where the number of segmentations changes, the number of segmentations and the value of the cost at that penalty value.
changepoints	The optimal changepoints for the different penalty values starting with the lowest penalty value.

Author(s)

Kaylea Haynes

References

\insertRef

Haynes2017changepoint.np

\insertRef

Killick2012changepoint.np

\insertRef

Haynes2015changepoint.np

See Also

PELT in parametric settings: cpt.mean for changes in the mean, cpt.var for changes in the variance and cpt.meanvar for changes in the mean and variance.

Examples

#Example of a data set of length 1000 with changes in location
#(model 1 of Haynes, K et al. (2016)) with the empirical distribution cost function.

set.seed(12)

J <- function(x){
   (1+sign(x))/2
 }

n <- 1000
tau <- c(0.1,0.13,0.15,0.23,0.25,0.4,0.44,0.65,0.76,0.78,0.81)*n
h <- c(2.01, -2.51, 1.51, -2.01, 2.51, -2.11, 1.05, 2.16, -1.56, 2.56, -2.11)
sigma <- 0.5
t <- seq(0,1,length.out = n)
data <- array()
for (i in 1:n){
   data[i] <- sum(h*J(n*t[i] - tau)) + (sigma * rnorm(1))
}

out <- cpt.np(data, penalty = "SIC",method="PELT",test.stat="empirical_distribution",
              class=TRUE,minseglen=2, nquantiles =4*log(length(data)))
cpts(out)
#returns 100 130 150 230 250 400 440 650 760 780 810 as the changepoint locations.
plot(out)

#Example 2 uses the heart rate data . 

data(HeartRate)
cptHeartRate <- cpt.np(HeartRate, penalty = "CROPS", pen.value = c(5,200), 
                       method="PELT", test.stat="empirical_distribution",
                       class=TRUE,minseglen=2, 
                       nquantiles =4*log(length(HeartRate)))
plot(cptHeartRate, diagnostic = TRUE)
plot(cptHeartRate, ncpts = 11)

changepoint.np documentation built on Oct. 21, 2022, 1:07 a.m.