TH: Total Hardness using Complexometric Titration Method
In AquaAnalytix: Water Quality Analysis
TH R Documentation
Total Hardness using Complexometric Titration Method
Description
Water hardness measures the concentration of divalent cations, primarily calcium and magnesium, expressed as mg/L of calcium carbonate. It is categorized into temporary hardness (associated with carbonate and bicarbonate salts) and permanent hardness (due to sulfates and chlorides). High hardness can cause mineral buildup, harming aquatic life by affecting gill function and growth, while low hardness can reduce pH stability and increase metal toxicity. The acceptable hardness range in aquaculture is 50-350 ppm.
Principle of analysis:
In complexometric titration for water hardness, EDTA forms stable complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in the water sample. Eriochrome Black T is used as an indicator; it remains wine red while calcium and magnesium ions are free. As EDTA is added, the indicator changes to blue when it binds with the hardness ions. The volume of EDTA required to cause this color change is measured to determine the concentration of hardness ions in the water.
APHA(2017,ISBN:9780875532875).
Usage
TH(Tt, M, Vol)
Arguments
Tt
Volume of Titrant (mL)
M
Concentration of EDTA
Vol
Volume of sample (mL)
Value
Total hardness (in mg/L)
References
APHA, 2017. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington
Examples
TH(7.49, 0.02, 50)
AquaAnalytix documentation built on Sept. 11, 2024, 6:17 p.m.
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
| TH | R Documentation |
Total Hardness using Complexometric Titration Method
Description
Water hardness measures the concentration of divalent cations, primarily calcium and magnesium, expressed as mg/L of calcium carbonate. It is categorized into temporary hardness (associated with carbonate and bicarbonate salts) and permanent hardness (due to sulfates and chlorides). High hardness can cause mineral buildup, harming aquatic life by affecting gill function and growth, while low hardness can reduce pH stability and increase metal toxicity. The acceptable hardness range in aquaculture is 50-350 ppm.
Principle of analysis:
In complexometric titration for water hardness, EDTA forms stable complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in the water sample. Eriochrome Black T is used as an indicator; it remains wine red while calcium and magnesium ions are free. As EDTA is added, the indicator changes to blue when it binds with the hardness ions. The volume of EDTA required to cause this color change is measured to determine the concentration of hardness ions in the water. APHA(2017,ISBN:9780875532875).
Usage
TH(Tt, M, Vol)
Arguments
Tt |
Volume of Titrant (mL) |
M |
Concentration of EDTA |
Vol |
Volume of sample (mL) |
Value
Total hardness (in mg/L)
References
APHA, 2017. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington
Examples
TH(7.49, 0.02, 50)
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
Embedding an R snippet on your website
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.