Nothing
R/ClimClass.R
In ClimClass: Climate Classification According to Several Indices
#' Classification of climate according to Koeppen - Geiger, of aridity indices, of continentality indices, of water balance after Thornthwaite, of viticultural bioclimatic indices. Drawing climographs: Thornthwaite, Peguy, Bagnouls-Gaussen.
#'
#' @section ClimClass functions:
#' The package collects several criteria for climate classification. The most general is Koeppen - Geiger's classification, as described in Trewartha (1980), implemented in function \code{\link{koeppen_geiger}}.
#' Almost all sub-classes have been considered, with the only exception of those whose
#' attribution is based on qualitative assessment of climatic features.
#'
#' A classic graphical visualization of temperature and precipitation, according to
#' Bagnouls and Gaussen (1953), is provided by function \code{\link{bagn_gau}}. A
#' similar, but more sophisticated representation of the same variable, is that of
#' Walter - Lieth (Lieth et al., CD). This function is implemented in
#' library \code{climatol} (http://www.climatol.eu/).
#'
#' Function \code{\link{arid}} calculates a set of six annual aridity indices (Emberger, 1955;
#' Lang, R., 1920; Rivas - Martinez, (website); and UNEP, 1997; De Martonne, 1925; Thornthwaite
#' , 1948). For the latter two also a monthly index is calculated.
#'
#' A set of five continentality indices is proposed by function \code{\link{contin}}
#' (Gorczynski, L., 1920; Conrad, 1946; Gams, 1932; Rivas - Martinez, web page;
#' Amann, 1929).
#'
#' Thornthwaite's method for the assessment of soil water balance (Thornthwaite, 1948;
#' Thornthwaite and Mather, 1955; Thornthwaite and Mather, 1957) makes use of monthly
#' series to calculate the main quantities in water balance: evapotranspiration,
#' soil water deficit, soil water surplus. From these series, quantiles are calculated
#' for every month, to infer climatic features concerning soil water.
#'
#' Function \code{\link{thornthwaite}} provides such analysis, and function \code{\link{plot}}
#' manages the plot of the quantiles of the relevant quantities.
#'
#' The assessment of potential evapotranspiration by Thornthwaite and Mather's algorithm
#' requires the estimation of extra-atmospheric radiation, which is calculated by
#' function \code{\link{ExAtRa}}, based on the algorithm of Allen et al., 2005.
#'
#' Function \code{\link{as.datcli}} tranforms a data frame as in example dataset
#' \code{\link{Trent_climate}} into a data frame format like \code{datcli} in
#' \code{climatol} package. It can be used to plot Walter - Lieth's climographs
#' (see examples documentation).
#'
#' Function \code{\link{oiv_ind}} calculates several bioclimatic indices for
#' viticulture proposed by the International Organization of Viticuture, OIV
#' (Resolution OIV-VITI 423-2012), plus one index (Branas). One index of OIV's
#' list, Riou's drought index, needing daily series, is calculated by another
#' function, \code{\link{RDI}}.
#'
#' The data set included in the library is formed by monthly and daily time
#' series of temperature and precipitation from Trentino, Italy
#' (courtesy of Autonomous Province of Trento - Meteotrentino, and of
#' Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige). Climatic normals are
#' calculated, too (output of function \code{\link{climate}}). The output
#' of function \code{\link{thornthwaite}} is present in the data set
#' \code{\link{Trent_climate}}, as input for function \code{\link{plot}}.
#'
#' Reference tables for aridity and continentality indices are provided as
#' lists, to rank the classifications on standard scales
#' (\code{\link{arid_ind_tables}} and \code{\link{continental_ind_tables}},
#' respectively).
#'
#' See a first application in Eccel et al., 2015 and an application more
#' focused on viticultural indices in Eccel et al., 2016.
#'
#' @keywords "climate classification" "Koeppen - Geiger" Thornthwaite aridity continentality "Bagnouls - Gaussen" Peguy "bioclimatic indices" OIV
#'
#' @docType package
#' @name ClimClass
#' @references Allen, R.G., Walter, I.A., Elliott, R.L., Howell, T.A.,
#'Itenfisu, D., Jensen, M.E., and Snyder, R.L. (eds.), 2005: ASCE
#'Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation. 216 pp.
#' @references Amann, J., 1929: L'hygrothermie du climat, facteur
#'determinant la repartition des especes atlantiques. Revue Bryol., 56:126-133.
#' @references Amerine, M.A., and Winkler, A.J., 1944: Composition and
#'quality of musts and wines of California grapes. Hilgardia. 15(6): 493-673.
# '@references Bagnouls, F., and Gaussen, H., 1953: Saison seche et indice
#'xerothermique. Docum. pour les Cartes des Prod. Veget. Serie: Generalite,
#'1 (1953), pp. 1-49.
#'@references Conrad, V. 1946: Usual formulas of continentality and their
#'limits of validity. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Volume
#'27, Issue 5, p. 663-664
#'@references De Martonne E., 1925: Traite de Geographie Physique: 3 tomes, Paris.
#'@references Eccel, E., Cordano, E., Zottele, F., Toller, GB., 2015: ClimClass and
#'ClimClassMap: two R- packages for climatic and agro-bioclimatic indices.
#'An application to Trentino. XVIII National Congress of Agrometeorology,
#'9-11 June 2015, San Michele all'Adige
#'all\'Adige, Book of Extended Abstract (available from Autors).
#'@references Eccel, E., Zollo, A.L., Mercogliano, P., Zorer, R., 2016: Simulations
#'of quantitative shift in bio-climatic indices in the viticultural areas of Trentino
#'(Italian Alps) by an open source R package.
#'Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 127 (2016) 92-100.
#'@references Emberger, L., 1955: Une classification biogeographique des climats.
#'Receuil des travaux des laboratoires de botanique, geologie et zoologie de la
#'faculte des sciences de l'universite de Montpellier (Serie Botanique), Fascicule 7, 3-43.
#'@references Eynard, I. e Dal Masso, G., 1990: Viticoltura moderna. Manuale pratico.
#'Hoepli Milano. 778 pp.
#'@references Fregoni, C., et Pezzutto, S., 2000: Principes et premieres approches
#'de l'indice bioclimatique de qualite Fregoni, Progr.Agric.Vitic. 117: 390-396.
#'@references Gams, H., 1932: Die klimatische Begrenzung von Pflanzenarealen und die
#'Verteilung der hygrischen Kontinentalitaet in den Alpen. Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, Berlin.
#'@references Gladstones, J.S., 2004: Climate and Australian Viticulture. In 'Viticulture.
#'Volume 1-Resources'. (Eds Dry PR, Coombe BG) pp. 90-118.
#'@references Huglin, M.P., 1978: Nouveau mode d'evaluation des possibilites heliothermiques
#'d'un milieu viticole. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de l'Agriculture de France. 64: 1117-1126.
#'@references Gorczynski, L., 1920: Sur le calcul du degre de continentalisme et son application
#' dans la climatologie. Geografiska Annaler 2, 324-331
#'@references Hargreaves, G.H., and Samani, Z.A., 1985: Reference crop evapotranspiratin
#'from temperature. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1(2):96-99
#'@references Lang, R., 1920: Verwitterung und Bodenbildung als Einfuehrung in die Bodenkunde.
#'Schweizerbart Science Publishers, Stuttgart
#'@references Lebourgeoise, F., 2010: Cours de bioclimatologie a l'usage des forestiers.
#'Departement SIAFEE, UFR Forets, Arbres et Milieux Naturels. ENGREF, Nancy Cedex.
#'@references Lieth, H., Berlekamp, J., Fuest, S., and Riediger, S.: Walter-Lieth: Climate
#'Diagram World Atlas, CD-Series I of Climate and Biosphere, 1st edit.
#'@references Michalet, R., and Souchier, B., 1991: Une approche synthetique biopedoclimatique
#'des montagnes mediterraneennes: l'exemple du Maroc septemptrional.
#'Thesis, Univ. J. Fourier, Grenoble, 273 pp
#'@references Rivas-Martinez
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., 1948: An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate.
#'Geographical Review, Vol. 38, No. 1(Jan.):55-94.
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., and Mather, J.R., 1955: The water balance. Publications in
#'Climatology, Volume 8(1), Laboratory of Climatology
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., and Mather, J.R., 1957: Instructions and tables for
#' computing potential evapotranspiration and the water balance. Publications in climatology,
#' Volume 10(3), Laboratory of Climatology.
#'@references Tonietto, J., and Carbonneau, A., 2004: A multicriteria climatic classification
#'system for grape-growing regions worldwide. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 124(1/2):
#'81-97.
#'@references Trewartha, G.T. and Lyle, H.H., 1980: An Introduction to Climate. MacGraw - Hill,
#'5th Ed. Appendix: Koeppen's Classification of Climates.
#'@references UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 1997: World atlas of desertification
#'2ED. UNEP, London
#'@keywords internal
"_PACKAGE"
Try the ClimClass package in your browser
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
ClimClass documentation built on April 12, 2025, 1:17 a.m.
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#' Classification of climate according to Koeppen - Geiger, of aridity indices, of continentality indices, of water balance after Thornthwaite, of viticultural bioclimatic indices. Drawing climographs: Thornthwaite, Peguy, Bagnouls-Gaussen.
#'
#' @section ClimClass functions:
#' The package collects several criteria for climate classification. The most general is Koeppen - Geiger's classification, as described in Trewartha (1980), implemented in function \code{\link{koeppen_geiger}}.
#' Almost all sub-classes have been considered, with the only exception of those whose
#' attribution is based on qualitative assessment of climatic features.
#'
#' A classic graphical visualization of temperature and precipitation, according to
#' Bagnouls and Gaussen (1953), is provided by function \code{\link{bagn_gau}}. A
#' similar, but more sophisticated representation of the same variable, is that of
#' Walter - Lieth (Lieth et al., CD). This function is implemented in
#' library \code{climatol} (http://www.climatol.eu/).
#'
#' Function \code{\link{arid}} calculates a set of six annual aridity indices (Emberger, 1955;
#' Lang, R., 1920; Rivas - Martinez, (website); and UNEP, 1997; De Martonne, 1925; Thornthwaite
#' , 1948). For the latter two also a monthly index is calculated.
#'
#' A set of five continentality indices is proposed by function \code{\link{contin}}
#' (Gorczynski, L., 1920; Conrad, 1946; Gams, 1932; Rivas - Martinez, web page;
#' Amann, 1929).
#'
#' Thornthwaite's method for the assessment of soil water balance (Thornthwaite, 1948;
#' Thornthwaite and Mather, 1955; Thornthwaite and Mather, 1957) makes use of monthly
#' series to calculate the main quantities in water balance: evapotranspiration,
#' soil water deficit, soil water surplus. From these series, quantiles are calculated
#' for every month, to infer climatic features concerning soil water.
#'
#' Function \code{\link{thornthwaite}} provides such analysis, and function \code{\link{plot}}
#' manages the plot of the quantiles of the relevant quantities.
#'
#' The assessment of potential evapotranspiration by Thornthwaite and Mather's algorithm
#' requires the estimation of extra-atmospheric radiation, which is calculated by
#' function \code{\link{ExAtRa}}, based on the algorithm of Allen et al., 2005.
#'
#' Function \code{\link{as.datcli}} tranforms a data frame as in example dataset
#' \code{\link{Trent_climate}} into a data frame format like \code{datcli} in
#' \code{climatol} package. It can be used to plot Walter - Lieth's climographs
#' (see examples documentation).
#'
#' Function \code{\link{oiv_ind}} calculates several bioclimatic indices for
#' viticulture proposed by the International Organization of Viticuture, OIV
#' (Resolution OIV-VITI 423-2012), plus one index (Branas). One index of OIV's
#' list, Riou's drought index, needing daily series, is calculated by another
#' function, \code{\link{RDI}}.
#'
#' The data set included in the library is formed by monthly and daily time
#' series of temperature and precipitation from Trentino, Italy
#' (courtesy of Autonomous Province of Trento - Meteotrentino, and of
#' Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige). Climatic normals are
#' calculated, too (output of function \code{\link{climate}}). The output
#' of function \code{\link{thornthwaite}} is present in the data set
#' \code{\link{Trent_climate}}, as input for function \code{\link{plot}}.
#'
#' Reference tables for aridity and continentality indices are provided as
#' lists, to rank the classifications on standard scales
#' (\code{\link{arid_ind_tables}} and \code{\link{continental_ind_tables}},
#' respectively).
#'
#' See a first application in Eccel et al., 2015 and an application more
#' focused on viticultural indices in Eccel et al., 2016.
#'
#' @keywords "climate classification" "Koeppen - Geiger" Thornthwaite aridity continentality "Bagnouls - Gaussen" Peguy "bioclimatic indices" OIV
#'
#' @docType package
#' @name ClimClass
#' @references Allen, R.G., Walter, I.A., Elliott, R.L., Howell, T.A.,
#'Itenfisu, D., Jensen, M.E., and Snyder, R.L. (eds.), 2005: ASCE
#'Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation. 216 pp.
#' @references Amann, J., 1929: L'hygrothermie du climat, facteur
#'determinant la repartition des especes atlantiques. Revue Bryol., 56:126-133.
#' @references Amerine, M.A., and Winkler, A.J., 1944: Composition and
#'quality of musts and wines of California grapes. Hilgardia. 15(6): 493-673.
# '@references Bagnouls, F., and Gaussen, H., 1953: Saison seche et indice
#'xerothermique. Docum. pour les Cartes des Prod. Veget. Serie: Generalite,
#'1 (1953), pp. 1-49.
#'@references Conrad, V. 1946: Usual formulas of continentality and their
#'limits of validity. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Volume
#'27, Issue 5, p. 663-664
#'@references De Martonne E., 1925: Traite de Geographie Physique: 3 tomes, Paris.
#'@references Eccel, E., Cordano, E., Zottele, F., Toller, GB., 2015: ClimClass and
#'ClimClassMap: two R- packages for climatic and agro-bioclimatic indices.
#'An application to Trentino. XVIII National Congress of Agrometeorology,
#'9-11 June 2015, San Michele all'Adige
#'all\'Adige, Book of Extended Abstract (available from Autors).
#'@references Eccel, E., Zollo, A.L., Mercogliano, P., Zorer, R., 2016: Simulations
#'of quantitative shift in bio-climatic indices in the viticultural areas of Trentino
#'(Italian Alps) by an open source R package.
#'Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 127 (2016) 92-100.
#'@references Emberger, L., 1955: Une classification biogeographique des climats.
#'Receuil des travaux des laboratoires de botanique, geologie et zoologie de la
#'faculte des sciences de l'universite de Montpellier (Serie Botanique), Fascicule 7, 3-43.
#'@references Eynard, I. e Dal Masso, G., 1990: Viticoltura moderna. Manuale pratico.
#'Hoepli Milano. 778 pp.
#'@references Fregoni, C., et Pezzutto, S., 2000: Principes et premieres approches
#'de l'indice bioclimatique de qualite Fregoni, Progr.Agric.Vitic. 117: 390-396.
#'@references Gams, H., 1932: Die klimatische Begrenzung von Pflanzenarealen und die
#'Verteilung der hygrischen Kontinentalitaet in den Alpen. Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, Berlin.
#'@references Gladstones, J.S., 2004: Climate and Australian Viticulture. In 'Viticulture.
#'Volume 1-Resources'. (Eds Dry PR, Coombe BG) pp. 90-118.
#'@references Huglin, M.P., 1978: Nouveau mode d'evaluation des possibilites heliothermiques
#'d'un milieu viticole. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de l'Agriculture de France. 64: 1117-1126.
#'@references Gorczynski, L., 1920: Sur le calcul du degre de continentalisme et son application
#' dans la climatologie. Geografiska Annaler 2, 324-331
#'@references Hargreaves, G.H., and Samani, Z.A., 1985: Reference crop evapotranspiratin
#'from temperature. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1(2):96-99
#'@references Lang, R., 1920: Verwitterung und Bodenbildung als Einfuehrung in die Bodenkunde.
#'Schweizerbart Science Publishers, Stuttgart
#'@references Lebourgeoise, F., 2010: Cours de bioclimatologie a l'usage des forestiers.
#'Departement SIAFEE, UFR Forets, Arbres et Milieux Naturels. ENGREF, Nancy Cedex.
#'@references Lieth, H., Berlekamp, J., Fuest, S., and Riediger, S.: Walter-Lieth: Climate
#'Diagram World Atlas, CD-Series I of Climate and Biosphere, 1st edit.
#'@references Michalet, R., and Souchier, B., 1991: Une approche synthetique biopedoclimatique
#'des montagnes mediterraneennes: l'exemple du Maroc septemptrional.
#'Thesis, Univ. J. Fourier, Grenoble, 273 pp
#'@references Rivas-Martinez
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., 1948: An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate.
#'Geographical Review, Vol. 38, No. 1(Jan.):55-94.
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., and Mather, J.R., 1955: The water balance. Publications in
#'Climatology, Volume 8(1), Laboratory of Climatology
#'@references Thornthwaite, C. W., and Mather, J.R., 1957: Instructions and tables for
#' computing potential evapotranspiration and the water balance. Publications in climatology,
#' Volume 10(3), Laboratory of Climatology.
#'@references Tonietto, J., and Carbonneau, A., 2004: A multicriteria climatic classification
#'system for grape-growing regions worldwide. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 124(1/2):
#'81-97.
#'@references Trewartha, G.T. and Lyle, H.H., 1980: An Introduction to Climate. MacGraw - Hill,
#'5th Ed. Appendix: Koeppen's Classification of Climates.
#'@references UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 1997: World atlas of desertification
#'2ED. UNEP, London
#'@keywords internal
"_PACKAGE"
Try the ClimClass package in your browser
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
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We want your feedback!
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