ism_example: Example ISM Data: Project Risk Factors

In ISMtools: Interpretive Structural Modelling Analysis Tools

Example ISM Data: Project Risk Factors

Description

A dataset containing an adjacency matrix representing relationships between project risk factors. This example is useful for demonstrating ISM analysis workflow.

Usage

data(ism_example)

Format

A 7x7 numeric matrix with row and column names F1 through F7, representing the following risk factors:

F1

Budget Constraints - financial limitations

F2

Resource Shortage - insufficient human or material resources

F3

Technical Complexity - challenging technical requirements

F4

Poor Communication - inadequate information flow

F5

Schedule Pressure - tight deadlines

F6

Quality Issues - defects and quality problems

F7

Project Failure - ultimate negative outcome

The matrix values indicate direct influence relationships:

• 1: Factor in row directly influences factor in column

• 0: No direct influence

The relationships encoded are:

• F1 (Budget) -> F2 (Resource), F5 (Schedule)

• F2 (Resource) -> F3 (Technical), F6 (Quality)

• F3 (Technical) -> F6 (Quality)

• F4 (Communication) -> F2, F3, F6

• F5 (Schedule) -> F4 (Communication), F6 (Quality)

• F6 (Quality) -> F7 (Failure)

Source

Hypothetical example for demonstration purposes, based on common project management risk factor relationships.

See Also

compute_reachability, level_partitioning, micmac_analysis

Examples

# Load the example data
data(ism_example)

# View the adjacency matrix
print(ism_example)

# Compute reachability matrix
reach <- compute_reachability(ism_example)
print(reach)

# Perform level partitioning
levels <- level_partitioning(reach)
print(levels)

# MICMAC analysis
micmac <- micmac_analysis(reach)
print(micmac)

ISMtools documentation built on March 13, 2026, 1:06 a.m.