calculate_pvc: Calculate Proportional Change in Between-Stratum Variance...

In MAIHDA: Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy

Calculate Proportional Change in Between-Stratum Variance (PVC)

Description

Calculates the proportional change in between-stratum variance (PVC) between two MAIHDA models. The PVC measures how much the between-stratum variance changes when moving from one model to another, and is calculated as: PVC = (Var_model1 - Var_model2) / Var_model1

Usage

calculate_pvc(
  model1,
  model2,
  bootstrap = FALSE,
  n_boot = 1000,
  conf_level = 0.95
)

Arguments

model1	A maihda_model object from fit_maihda(). This is the reference model (typically a simpler or baseline model).
model2	A maihda_model object from fit_maihda(). This is the comparison model (typically a more complex model with additional predictors).
bootstrap	Logical indicating whether to compute bootstrap confidence intervals for PVC. Default is FALSE.
n_boot	Number of bootstrap samples if bootstrap = TRUE. Default is 1000.
conf_level	Confidence level for bootstrap intervals. Default is 0.95.

Details

The PVC is interpreted as the proportional reduction (or increase if negative) in between-stratum variance when moving from model1 to model2. A positive PVC indicates that model2 explains some of the between-stratum variance present in model1, while a negative PVC suggests that model2 has more unexplained between-stratum variance.

When bootstrap = TRUE, the function resamples the data with replacement and refits both models for each bootstrap sample to obtain confidence intervals for the PVC estimate.

Value

A list containing:

pvc	The estimated proportional change in variance
var_model1	Between-stratum variance from model1
var_model2	Between-stratum variance from model2
ci_lower	Lower bound of confidence interval (if bootstrap = TRUE)
ci_upper	Upper bound of confidence interval (if bootstrap = TRUE)
bootstrap	Logical indicating if bootstrap was used

Examples

# Create strata and fit two models
strata_result <- make_strata(maihda_sim_data, c("gender", "race"))
model1 <- fit_maihda(health_outcome ~ age + (1 | stratum), data = strata_result$data)
model2 <- fit_maihda(health_outcome ~ age + gender + (1 | stratum), data = strata_result$data)

# Calculate PVC without bootstrap
pvc_result <- calculate_pvc(model1, model2)
print(pvc_result$pvc)

# Calculate PVC with bootstrap CI
# pvc_boot <- calculate_pvc(model1, model2, bootstrap = TRUE, n_boot = 500)
# print(pvc_boot)

MAIHDA documentation built on April 5, 2026, 5:06 p.m.