# Rchoice: Estimate discrete choice model with random parameters In Rchoice: Discrete Choice (Binary, Poisson and Ordered) Models with Random Parameters

## Description

Estimation of discrete choice models such as Binary (logit and probit), Poisson and Ordered (logit and probit) model with random coefficients for cross-sectional and panel data using simulated maximum likelihood.

## Usage

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Rchoice( formula, data, subset, weights, na.action, family, start = NULL, ranp = NULL, R = 40, haltons = NA, seed = 10, correlation = FALSE, panel = FALSE, index = NULL, mvar = NULL, print.init = FALSE, init.ran = 0.1, gradient = TRUE, ... ) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' terms(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' model.matrix(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' coef(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' nObs(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' fitted(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' residuals(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' df.residual(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' update(object, new, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' logLik(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' print( x, digits = max(3, getOption("digits") - 3), width = getOption("width"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'Rchoice' summary(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'summary.Rchoice' print( x, digits = max(3, getOption("digits") - 3), width = getOption("width"), ... ) 

## Arguments

 formula a symbolic description of the model to be estimated. The formula consists in two parts. The first one is reserved for standard variables with fixed and random parameters. The second one is reserved for variables that enter in the mean of the random parameters. See for example rFormula, data the data. It may be a pdata.frame object or an ordinary data.frame, subset an optional vector specifying a subset of observations, weights an optional vector of weigths, na.action a function wich indicated what should happen when the data contains NA's, family the distribution to be used. It might be family = binomial("probit") for a Probit Model, family = binomial("logit") for a Logit model, family = ordinal("probit") for an Ordered Probit Model, family = ordinal("logit") for a Ordered Logit Model for an Ordered Logit Model, and family = "poisson" for a Poisson Model, start a vector of starting values, ranp a named vector whose names are the random parameters and values the distribution: "n" for normal, "ln" for log-normal, "cn" for truncated normal, "u" for uniform, "t" for triangular, "sb" for Johnson Sb, R the number of draws if ranp is not NULL, haltons only relevant if ranp is not NULL. If not NULL, halton sequence is used instead of pseudo-random numbers. If haltons=NA, some default values are used for the prime of the sequence and for the number of element dropped. Otherwise, haltons should be a list with elements prime and drop, seed the seed for the pseudo-random draws. This is only relevant if haltons = NULL, correlation only relevant if ranp is not NULL. If TRUE, the correlation between random parameters is taken into account, panel if TRUE a panel data model is estimated, index a string indicating the ‘id’ for individuals in the data. This argument is not required if data is a pdata.frame object, mvar only valid if ranp is not NULL. This is a named list, where the names correspond to the variables with random parameters, and the values correspond to the variables that enter in the mean of each random parameters, print.init if TRUE, the initial values for the optimization procedure are printed, init.ran initial values for standard deviation of random parameters. Default is 0.1, gradient if FALSE, numerical gradients are used for the optimization procedure of models with random parameters, ... further arguments passed to maxLik, x, object and object of class Rchoice, new an updated formula for the update method, digits number of digits, width width,

## Details

The models are estimated using the maxLik function from maxLik package.

If ranp is not NULL, the random parameter model is estimated. A random parameter model or random coefficient models permits regression parameter to vary across individuals according to some distribution. A fully parametric random parameter model specifies the latent variable y^{*} conditional on regressors x and given parameters β_i to have conditional density f(y|x, β_i) where β_i are iid with density g(β_i|θ_i). The density is assumed a priori by the user by the argument ranp. If the parameters are assumed to be normally distributed β_i ~ N(β, Σ), then the random parameter are constructed as:

β_{ir}=β+Lω_{ir}

where LL'=Σ and ω_{ir} is the r-th draw from standard normal distribution for individual i.

Once the model is specified by the argument family, the model is estimated using Simulated Maximum Likelihood (SML). The probabilities, given by f(y|x, β_i), are simulated using R pseudo-draws if halton=NULL or R halton draws if halton = NA. The user can also specified the primes and the number of dropped elements for the halton draws. For example, if the model consists of two random parameters, the user can specify haltons = list("prime" = c(2, 3), "drop" = c(11, 11)).

A random parameter hierarchical model can be estimated by including heterogeneity in the mean of the random parameters:

β_{ir}=β+π's_i+Lω_{ir}

Rchoice manages the variables in the hierarchical model by the formula object: all the hierarchical variables (s_i) are included after the | symbol. The argument mvar indicate which variables enter in each random parameter. See examples below

## Value

An object of class “Rchoice”, a list elements:

 coefficients the named vector of coefficients, family type of model, link distribution of the errors, logLik a set of values of the maximum likelihood procedure, mf the model framed used, formula the formula (a Formula object), time proc.time() minus the start time, freq frequency of dependent variable, draws type of draws used, R.model TRUE if a random parameter model is fitted, R number of draws used, bi an array of dimension N \times R \times K with the individual parameters, Qir matrix of dimension N \times R representing P_{ir}/∑_r P_{ir}, ranp vector indicating the variables with random parameters and their distribution, probabilities the fitted probabilities for each individuals, residuals the residuals, call the matched call.

## Author(s)

Mauricio Sarrias msarrias86@gmail.com

## References

Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis. 7 edition. Prentice Hall.

Train, K. (2009). Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation. Cambridge university press.

plot.Rchoice, effect.Rchoice

## Examples

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 ## Probit model data("Workmroz") probit <- Rchoice(lfp ~ k5 + k618 + age + wc + hc + lwg + inc, data = Workmroz, family = binomial('probit')) summary(probit) ## Poisson model data("Articles") poisson <- Rchoice(art ~ fem + mar + kid5 + phd + ment, data = Articles, family = poisson) summary(poisson) ## Ordered probit model data("Health") oprobit <- Rchoice(newhsat ~ age + educ + hhinc + married + hhkids, data = Health, family = ordinal('probit'), subset = year == 1988) summary(oprobit) ## Poisson Model with Random Parameters ## Not run: poisson.ran <- Rchoice(art ~ fem + mar + kid5 + phd + ment, data = Articles, family = poisson, ranp = c(kid5 = "n", phd = "n", ment = "n")) summary(poisson.ran) ## Poisson Model with Correlated Random Parameters poissonc.ran <- Rchoice(art ~ fem + mar + kid5 + phd + ment, data = Articles, ranp = c(kid5 = "n", phd = "n", ment = "n"), family = poisson, correlation = TRUE) summary(poissonc.ran) ## Hierarchical Poisson Model poissonH.ran <- Rchoice(art ~ fem + mar + kid5 + phd + ment | fem + phd, data = Articles, ranp = c(kid5 = "n", phd = "n", ment = "n"), mvar = list(phd = c("fem"), ment = c("fem", "phd")), family = poisson, R = 10) summary(poissonH.ran) ## Probit Model with Random Effects and Random Parameters data('Unions', package = 'pglm') Unions$lwage <- log(Unions$wage) union.ran <- Rchoice(union ~ age + exper + rural + lwage, data = Unions[1:2000, ], family = binomial('probit'), ranp = c(constant = "n", lwage = "t"), R = 10, panel = TRUE, index = "id", print.init = TRUE) summary(union.ran) ## Ordered Probit Model with Random Effects and Random Parameters oprobit.ran <- Rchoice(newhsat ~ age + educ + married + hhkids + linc, data = Health[1:2000, ], family = ordinal('probit'), ranp = c(constant = "n", hhkids = "n", linc = "n"), panel = TRUE, index = "id", R = 100, print.init = TRUE) summary(oprobit.ran) ## End(Not run) 

Rchoice documentation built on July 1, 2020, 7:38 p.m.