ackwards: Bass-Ackwards Hierarchical Structural Analysis

Implements Goldberg's (2006) <doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.01.001> bass-ackwards method and modern descendants for hierarchical structural analysis. Extracts solutions from 1 to k factors using principal component analysis (PCA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), or exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) engines, then characterizes the hierarchy via between-level factor-score correlations computed via exact linear algebra (Waller, 2007, <doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.005>) or materialized scores. Includes the Forbes (2023) <doi:10.1037/met0000546> extension for redundancy pruning and all-levels cross-correlations.

Package details

AuthorJeffrey M. Girard [aut, cre] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-3746>), Miriam K. Forbes [cph] (Author of the bundled AMH correlation matrix (data/forbes2023.rda), CC-BY 4.0)
MaintainerJeffrey M. Girard <me@jmgirard.com>
LicenseMIT + file LICENSE
Version0.1.1
URL https://jmgirard.github.io/ackwards/ https://github.com/jmgirard/ackwards
Package repositoryView on CRAN
Installation Install the latest version of this package by entering the following in R:
install.packages("ackwards")

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ackwards documentation built on July 25, 2026, 1:08 a.m.