knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" )
library(glmbayes)
This vignette introduces glmbayes, a package for fitting Bayesian generalized linear models via efficient envelope-based sampling. The vignette series is organized into five main parts and a set of technical appendices. You will move from basic installation and first models, through linear and generalized linear models (with optional bayestestR summaries and external bayesplot graphics), to advanced prior structures, dispersion modeling, and GPU-accelerated computation. The appendices document the underlying simulation methods and implementation details. The envelope sampling methodology builds on the likelihood subgradient framework of [@Nygren2006].
These chapters provide a high-level overview of the package, its design philosophy, conjugate Bayesian building blocks for single parameters, and the basic workflow for fitting Bayesian linear and generalized linear models.
Chapter 00 - Introduction
Overview of the vignette structure, major modeling capabilities, and how the different parts fit together.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-00.html
Chapter 01 - Getting Started with glmbayes
Install and load glmbayes, fit your first Bayesian GLM using glmb(), and interpret posterior summaries (means, credible intervals) via an interface that mirrors base glm().
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-01.html
Chapter 02 — Conjugate inference for single parameters (series)
Conceptual introduction and worked conjugate updates before multivariate regression with lmb() and glmb():
This part focuses on Bayesian linear regression (Gaussian family, identity link): model fitting with lmb(), tailoring priors via Prior_Setup(), and tools for predictions, posterior predictive checks (optional bayesplot; see legacy_code/), deviance residuals, and model comparison.
Chapter 03 — Estimating Bayesian linear models
Work with the Gaussian identity-link case using lmb(). Draw from the multivariate normal posterior, compare Bayesian estimates to classical least squares, and explore shrinkage behavior.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-03.html
Chapter 04 — Tailoring priors — leveraging the Prior_Setup function
Construct multivariate normal priors via Prior_Setup(). Specify prior mean vectors and covariance matrices, and study how these hyperparameters influence posterior inference and regularization.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-04.html
Chapter 05 — Model predictions and posterior predictive checks
Generate fitted values and posterior predictive draws; optional bayesplot ppc_* examples are commented out (see legacy_code/pp_check.glmb.R).
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-05.html
Chapter 06 — Deviance residuals, model statistics and posterior inference (+ bayestestR)
Compute deviance residuals, review model-fit summaries (e.g. deviance-based measures, DIC comparisons), and relate discussion to bayestestR-style posterior summaries where relevant.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-06.html
This part presents Bayesian GLMs across the major likelihood families, including Binomial, quasi-Binomial, Poisson, quasi-Poisson, and Gamma models. It emphasizes link functions, log-concavity, and practical posterior interpretation, then shows how to summarize posterior distributions with bayestestR and optionally visualize fits with bayesplot (install separately; Chapter 12 code is commented out).
Chapter 07 — Foundations of GLMs — families, links, and log-concave likelihoods
Review exponential-family GLMs, canonical and non-canonical link functions, and the log-concave likelihood property that enables envelope-based accept-reject sampling.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-07.html
Chapter 08 — Estimating Bayesian generalized linear models
Move beyond Gaussian models and fit Binomial, Poisson, and Gamma GLMs with glmb(). See how the envelope engine adapts to each family and compare posterior summaries under different links.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-08.html
Chapter 09 — Models for the Binomial family
Work with logistic and probit regressions. Handle binomial outcomes, specify informative priors, and interpret posterior distributions for classification and proportion-type data.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-09.html
Chapter 10 — Models for the Poisson family
Fit count models with a log link. Explore overdispersion diagnostics, zero-inflation checks, and the impact of prior choice on rate parameters.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-10.html
Chapter 11 — Models for the Gamma family
Model positive continuous outcomes using Gamma regression. Combine regression and dispersion modeling, and interpret overdispersion in applications such as insurance claims or reaction-time data.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-11.html
Chapter 12 — Visualizing posteriors with bayesplot (optional)
Prepares glmb draws and replicated responses; bayesplot plotting examples are commented out in the source unless you install bayesplot from CRAN and restore those blocks.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-12.html
Chapter 13 — Bayesian inference and decision making with bayestestR
Summarize posterior samples with bayestestR utilities (e.g. central tendency, credible intervals, region of practical equivalence) applied to coefficient draws from glmb() fits.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-13.html
These chapters explore more complex modeling scenarios and computational strategies, including informative priors, unknown dispersion parameters, linear and generalized linear mixed-effects (hierarchical) models, and GPU-accelerated envelope construction.
Chapter 14 — Informative priors — centering and differential prior weights
Construct more flexible priors by centering on domain-specific values and assigning variable-specific scales. Examine how differential prior weights influence shrinkage and interpretability.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-14.html
Chapter 15 — Estimating models with unknown dispersion parameters
Extend envelope-based methods to models with unknown dispersion (e.g., Gamma and quasi-families). Use dedicated dispersion samplers to obtain joint posterior draws and quantify overdispersion uncertainty.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-15.html
Chapter 16 — Large models: GPU acceleration using OpenCL
Scale Bayesian GLMs to higher-dimensional settings by offloading key computations to the GPU. Configure OpenCL, tune envelope construction for large models, and benchmark performance gains.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-16.html
Chapter 17 — Linear mixed-effects models
Fit hierarchical (random effects) linear models using block Gibbs sampling with rlmb. Covers dispersion-and-coefficients sampling (e.g., Dobson plant weight) and the Eight Schools example with conjugate and non-conjugate priors.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-17.html
Chapter 18 — Generalized linear mixed-effects models
Extend mixed-effects modeling to non-Gaussian families. Implements a two-block Gibbs sampler for Poisson regression with observation-level random effects using the BikeSharing dataset and rglmb.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-18.html
The appendices document the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of the samplers used in glmbayes, including likelihood subgradient methods, envelope construction, and accept-reject schemes for both regression and dispersion parameters.
Chapter A01: A detailed overview of the glmbayes package
Present the mathematical foundations behind each sampler, including derivations of the posterior, the structure of enveloping functions, and bounds on expected draws per acceptance.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A01.html
Chapter A02: Overview of Estimation Procedures
Present the mathematical foundations behind each sampler, including derivations of the posterior, the structure of enveloping functions, and bounds on expected draws per acceptance.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A02.html
Chapter A03 - Methods Available in glmbayes
Summarize the key functions, samplers, and diagnostics implemented in the package, with a focus on how they relate to the underlying estimation framework.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A03.html
Chapter A04 - Directional Tail Diagnostics for Prior-Posterior Disagreement
Document the directional tail diagnostic, its theoretical interpretation as a Bayesian analogue to t- and F-style evidence, scalar and multivariate decompositions, and its use in summary output.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A04.html
Chapter A05: Simulation Methods - Likelihood Subgradient Densities
Detail the likelihood-subgradient approach for non-Gaussian families. Show how subgradients define tangent envelopes and explain why this yields valid accept-reject sampling for log-concave likelihoods.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A05.html
Chapter A06 - Accept-Reject Sampling for Dispersion in Gamma Regression
Describe the specialized accept-reject scheme for dispersion parameters in Gamma regression, including envelope design, proposal choices, and efficiency considerations.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A06.html
Chapter A07 - Accept-Reject Sampling for Gaussian Regression Models with Independent Normal-Gamma Priors
Detail the accept-reject-based approach for Gaussian regression with independent normal-gamma priors, including the structure of the joint prior, conditional distributions, and sampler efficiency.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A07.html
Chapter A08 - Overview of Envelope Related Functions
Provide a central overview of the envelope-related functions. Consolidate the theoretical foundations, function map, and workflow for users and developers.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A08.html
Chapter A09 - Parallel Sampling Implementation using RcppParallel
Describe the parallel sampling implementation, pilot logic, and interactive safeguards.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A09.html
Chapter A10 - Accelerated EnvelopeBuild Implementation using OpenCL
Document the OpenCL implementation for accelerating envelope construction on the GPU.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A10.html
Chapter A11 - Implementation Companion for Independent Normal-Gamma
Document the implementation workflow for independent Normal-Gamma sampling, with a deep dive into rIndepNormalGammaReg, EnvelopeOrchestrator, EnvelopeDispersionBuild, and the standardized accept-reject sampler.
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A11.html
Chapter A12 - Technical Derivations for Priors Returned by Prior_Setup()
Full mathematical derivations for Gaussian calibration, Normal--Gamma and independent Normal--Gamma prior pieces, and the objects returned by Prior_Setup() (including compute_gaussian_prior).
https://knygren.r-universe.dev/articles/glmbayes/Chapter-A12.html
Several vignettes include optional appendices that reproduce examples from [@JohnsonLauEtAl2022] using glmbayes syntax (lmb(), glmb(), Prior_Setup(), dNormal()). Those appendices require the suggested package bayesrules (for data only); the main chapter body knits without it. Posterior comparison tables use coefficient summaries printed in the book (not live rstanarm fits).
| glmbayes vignette | Main teaching example | Bayes Rules! book | Appendix |
|-------------------|----------------------|-------------------|----------|
| Chapter 02-S04 | Gamma–Poisson conjugacy (daily counts) | Ch. 12 (conjugate illustration) | Appendix A — Albert / LearnBayes heart transplants |
| Chapter 03 | Dobson plant weight (lmb) | Ch. 9 — bikes, rides ~ temp_feel | Appendix A |
| Chapter 08 | Menarche (glmb, prior construction) | Ch. 13 — weather_perth, logistic priors | Appendix A |
| Chapter 09 | Menarche (logit / probit / cloglog) | Ch. 13 — weather_perth, raintomorrow ~ humidity9am | Appendix A |
| Chapter 10 | Dobson randomized controlled trial (RCT) Poisson counts | Ch. 12 — equality_index, laws ~ percent_urban + historical | Appendix A |
| Chapter 11 | carinsca Gamma regression | (no full Gamma-regression chapter) | Appendix A — scope note + Ch. 02-S05 pointer |
Priors. Use informative Bayes Rules! priors only where the book is fully informative on the coefficients you fit (e.g. Ch. 9 bike ridership, Ch. 13 Perth rain). Where the book is only partially informative (e.g. Ch. 12 Poisson intercept informative, slopes weak / autoscale), the appendix uses Prior_Setup() defaults for glmb() / lmb(). Encode fully informative book beliefs on the link scale as dNormal(mu, Sigma); fixed dispersion at the MLE where the main chapter does (see Chapters 03, 08, 11).
Other texts. Chapter 01 and Chapter 03 §6.1 map sections to @Agresti2015. Chapter 02-S04 Appendix A maps to @Albert2009 / LearnBayes. Additional textbook appendices may be added in the same pattern.
Together, these chapters and appendices form a coherent progression: from basic usage and model specification, through applied Bayesian GLMs, to the mathematical and computational details that underlie the envelope-based samplers and GPU-accelerated implementations in glmbayes.
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