addinteger: Add an Integer Penalty to an Existing Distance Matrix

In iTOS: Methods and Examples from Introduction to the Theory of Observational Studies

Add an Integer Penalty to an Existing Distance Matrix

Description

Takes an integer valued covariate, and adds a penalty proportional to the difference in the integer values, with proportionality constant penalty.

Usage

addinteger(costmatrix, z, iscore, penalty = 1000)

Arguments

costmatrix	An existing cost matrix with sum(z) rows and sum(1-z) columns. The function checks the compatability of costmatrix, z and p; so, it may stop with an error if these are not of appropriate dimensions. In particular, costmatrix may come from startcost().
z	A vector with z[i]=1 if individual i is treated or z[i]=0 if individual i is control. The rows of costmatrix refer to treated individuals and the columns refer to controls.
iscore	An vector of integers with length equal to length(z).
penalty	One positive number used to penalize mismatches for iscore.

Details

If a treated and control individual differ on iscore in absolute value by dif, then the distance between them is increased by adding dif*penalty.

Value

A penalized distance matrix.

Author(s)

Paul R. Rosenbaum

Examples

data(binge)
# Select two treated and four controls from binge
d<-binge[is.element(binge$SEQN,c(109315,109365,109266,109273,109290,109332)),]
attach(d)
z<-1*(AlcGroup=="B")
names(z)<-d$SEQN
rbind(z,education)
dist<-startcost(z)
addinteger(dist,z,education,penalty=3)
detach(d)
rm(d,dist,z)

iTOS documentation built on Sept. 11, 2024, 8:57 p.m.