independent_evaluation: Evaluate models with independent data

In kuenm2: Detailed Development of Ecological Niche Models

Evaluate models with independent data

Description

This function evaluates the selected models using independent data (i.e., data not used during model calibration). The function computes omission rate and pROC, and optionally assesses whether the environmental conditions in the independent data are analogous (i.e., within the range) to those in the calibration data.

Usage

independent_evaluation(fitted_models, new_data,
                              consensus = c("mean", "median"),
                              type = "cloglog", extrapolation_type = "E",
                              var_to_restrict = NULL, perform_mop = TRUE,
                              mop_type = "detailed",
                              calculate_distance = TRUE,
                              where_distance = "all",
                              return_predictions = TRUE,
                              return_binary = TRUE,
                              progress_bar = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

fitted_models	an object of class fitted_models returned by the fit_selected() function.
new_data	a data.frame containing environmental variables for independent test records. The column names must correspond exactly to the environmental variables used to fit the selected models, and each row to an individual test record.
consensus	(character) vector specifying the types of consensus to use. Available options are "median" and "mean". Default is c("median", "mean").
type	(character) the format of prediction values. For maxnet models, valid options are "raw", "cumulative", "logistic", and "cloglog". For glm models, valid options are "response" and "cloglog". Default is "cloglog".
extrapolation_type	(character) extrapolation type of model. Models can be transferred with three options: free extrapolation ('E'), extrapolation with clamping ('EC'), and no extrapolation ('NE'). Default = 'E'. See details.
var_to_restrict	(character) vector specifying which variables to clamp or not extrapolate. Only applicable if extrapolation_type is "EC" or "NE". Default is NULL, meaning all variables will be clamped or not extrapolated.
perform_mop	(logical) whether to execute a Mobility-Oriented Parity (MOP) analysis. This analysis assesses if the environmental conditions in the new_data are analogous (within ranges) to those in the calibration data. Defaults to TRUE.
mop_type	(character) type of MOP analysis to be performed. Options available are "basic", "simple" and "detailed". Default is 'simples'. See projection_mop() for more details.
calculate_distance	(logical) whether to calculate distances (dissimilarities) between new_data and calibration data. Default is TRUE.
where_distance	(character) specifies which values in new_data should be used to calculate distances. Options are: "in_range" (only conditions within the calibration range), "out_range" (only conditions outside the calibration range), and "all" (all conditions). Default is "all".
return_predictions	(logical) whether to return continuous predictions at the locations of independent records in new_data. Default is TRUE.
return_binary	(logical) whether to return binary predictions at the locations of independent records in new_data. The predictions are binarized using the respective thresholds stores in fitted_models. Default is TRUE.
progress_bar	(logical) whether to display a progress bar during mop processing. Default is FALSE.
...	additional arguments passed to mop().

Value

A list containing the following elements:

• evaluation: A data.frame with omission rate and pROC values for each selected model and for the consensus.

• mop_results: (Only if perform_mop = TRUE) An object of class mop_results, with metrics of environmental similarity between calibration and independent data.

• predictions: (Only if return_predictions = TRUE) A list of data.frames containing continuous and binary predictions at the independent record locations, along with MOP distances, an indicator of whether environmental conditions at each location fall within the calibration range, and the identity of the variables that have lower and higher values than the calibration range. If the fitted_models object includes categorical variables, the returned data.frame will also contain columns indicating which values in new_data were not present in the calibration data.

Examples

# Example with maxnet
# Import example of fitted_models (output of fit_selected())
data("fitted_model_maxnet", package = "kuenm2")

# Import independent records to evaluate the models
data("new_occ", package = "kuenm2")

# Import raster layers
var <- terra::rast(system.file("extdata", "Current_variables.tif",
                               package = "kuenm2"))

#Extract variables to occurrences
new_data <- extract_occurrence_variables(occ = new_occ, x = "x", y = "y",
                                         raster_variables = var)

#Add some fake data beyond the limits of calibration ranges
fake_data <- data.frame("pr_bg" = c(1, 1, 1),
                        "x" = c(NA, NA, NA),
                        "y" = c(NA, NA, NA),
                        "bio_1" = c(10, 15, 23),
                        "bio_7" = c(12, 16, 20),
                        "bio_12" = c(2300, 2000, 1000),
                        "bio_15" = c(30, 40, 50),
                        "SoilType" = c(1, 1, 1))
new_data <- rbind(new_data, fake_data)


# Evaluate models with independent data
res_ind <- independent_evaluation(fitted_models = fitted_model_maxnet,
                                  new_data = new_data)

kuenm2 documentation built on April 21, 2026, 1:07 a.m.