knitr::opts_chunk$set( echo = TRUE, collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>", warning = FALSE, message = FALSE, error = FALSE, outwidth = "100%", fig.width = 8, fig.height = 6, fig.align = "center")
The goal of learningtower
is to provide a user-friendly access to a subset of variables from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data collected by the OECD. The data is collected on a three year basis, between the years 2000-2018.
You can explore more on this dataset for various analysis and statistical computations.
This vignette documents how to access these dataset, and shows a few ways of integrating the data.
The size of the full student
is too big to fit inside the package. Hence, in our package, we provide a random subset of the student data, stored as student_subset_20xx
data objects (where xx
denotes the specific year of the study). These subset data can be used to understanding the data structure before using the full dataset which is available for download.
In the student_subset_2018
and school
data, there are three common columns, school_id
, country
and year
. It should be noted that school_id
is only meaningful within a country within a specific year; meaning that when we join the two data, we need to use the keys c("school_id", "country", "year")
.
library(dplyr) library(ggplot2) library(forcats) library(learningtower) #loading the student subset data data(student_subset_2018) #loading the school data data(school) #loading the country data data(countrycode) #joining the student, school dataset school_student_subset_2018 <- left_join( student_subset_2018, school, by = c("school_id", "country", "year")) #check the count of public and private schools in the a few randomly selected countries school_student_subset_2018 %>% dplyr::filter(country %in% c("AUS", "QAT", "USA" , "JPN", "ALB", "PER", "FIN", "SGP")) %>% group_by(country, public_private) %>% tally() %>% dplyr::mutate(percent = n/sum(n)) %>% dplyr::ungroup() %>% left_join(countrycode, by = "country") %>% dplyr::mutate(country_name = fct_relevel( country_name, c("Finland", "United States", "Albania", "Peru", "Japan", "Qatar", "Australia"))) %>% ggplot(aes(x = percent, y = country_name, fill = public_private)) + geom_col(position = position_stack()) + scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::percent) + scale_fill_manual(values = c("#FF7F0EFF", "#1F77B4FF")) + labs(title = "Distribution of public and private schools in the year 2018", y = "", x = "Percentage of schools", fill = "")
The graph assists us in understanding the distribution of public and private schools in few countries based on the datasets. Taking a closer look at the above plot, we can infer that most countries have more public schools than private schools. Interestingly, Australia had a nearly equal mix of public and private schools in the year 2018. This public/private information is missing in Signapore.
Similarly, we may derive additional intriguing patterns and analysis by considering the other variables in the school dataset.
student_data_2018 <- load_student("2018") data(school) data(countrycode) school_student_2018 <- left_join( student_data_2018, school, by = c("school_id", "country", "year")) school_student_2018 %>% dplyr::filter(country %in% c("AUS", "QAT", "USA" , "JPN", "ALB", "PER", "FIN", "SGP")) %>% group_by(country) %>% summarise(avg_fund_gov = mean(fund_gov, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% arrange(avg_fund_gov) %>% mutate(country = fct_reorder(country, avg_fund_gov)) %>% left_join(countrycode, by = "country") %>% mutate(country_name = fct_reorder(country_name, avg_fund_gov)) %>% ggplot(aes(x=country_name, y=avg_fund_gov)) + geom_segment(aes(xend=country_name, yend=0)) + geom_point(size=4, color="orange") + coord_flip() + theme_bw() + labs(x = "", y = "Average percentage of government funding", title = "Funding for schools in the year 2018 from government")
The above figure shows the average percentage of overall financing in various schools for a random sample of countries. We conclude that countries such as Finland and the United States received the most funding from their governments, whilst Qatar received the least funding.
In addition, to perform a detail analysis on the school and entire student data it can be downloaded for the desired years using the load_student
function available in this package.
Similarly, you may import student data for any chosen year and experiment with PISA scores growth or additional analysis of these datasets with their other elements that assist contributor comprehend the data. Refer to our articles here for additional interesting analyses and plots.
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