measure_closure: Measures of network closure

In manynet: Many Ways to Make, Modify, Mark, and Measure Myriad Networks

Measures of network closure

Description

These functions offer methods for summarising the closure in configurations in one-, two-, and three-mode networks:

• net_reciprocity() measures reciprocity in a (usually directed) network.

• node_reciprocity() measures nodes' reciprocity.

• net_transitivity() measures transitivity in a network.

• node_transitivity() measures nodes' transitivity.

• net_equivalency() measures equivalence or reinforcement in a (usually two-mode) network.

• net_congruency() measures congruency across two two-mode networks.

Usage

net_reciprocity(.data, method = "default")

node_reciprocity(.data)

net_transitivity(.data)

node_transitivity(.data)

net_equivalency(.data)

node_equivalency(.data)

net_congruency(.data, object2)

Arguments

.data	An object of a manynet-consistent class: matrix (adjacency or incidence) from {base} R edgelist, a data frame from {base} R or tibble from {tibble} igraph, from the {igraph} package network, from the {network} package tbl_graph, from the {tidygraph} package
method	For reciprocity, either default or ratio. See ?igraph::reciprocity
object2	Optionally, a second (two-mode) matrix, igraph, or tidygraph

Details

For one-mode networks, shallow wrappers of igraph versions exist via net_reciprocity and net_transitivity.

For two-mode networks, net_equivalency calculates the proportion of three-paths in the network that are closed by fourth tie to establish a "shared four-cycle" structure.

For three-mode networks, net_congruency calculates the proportion of three-paths spanning two two-mode networks that are closed by a fourth tie to establish a "congruent four-cycle" structure.

Equivalency

The net_equivalency() function calculates the Robins and Alexander (2004) clustering coefficient for two-mode networks. Note that for weighted two-mode networks, the result is divided by the average tie weight.

References

On equivalency or four-cycles

Robins, Garry L, and Malcolm Alexander. 2004. Small worlds among interlocking directors: Network structure and distance in bipartite graphs. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 10(1): 69–94. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1023/B:CMOT.0000032580.12184.c0")}.

On congruency

Knoke, David, Mario Diani, James Hollway, and Dimitris C Christopoulos. 2021. Multimodal Political Networks. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1017/9781108985000")}

See Also

Other measures: measure_attributes, measure_central_between, measure_central_close, measure_central_degree, measure_central_eigen, measure_cohesion, measure_diffusion_infection, measure_diffusion_net, measure_diffusion_node, measure_features, measure_heterogeneity, measure_hierarchy, measure_holes, measure_periods, measure_properties, member_diffusion

Examples

net_reciprocity(ison_southern_women)
node_reciprocity(to_unweighted(ison_networkers))
net_transitivity(ison_adolescents)
node_transitivity(ison_adolescents)
net_equivalency(ison_southern_women)
node_equivalency(ison_southern_women)

manynet documentation built on Nov. 5, 2025, 6:26 p.m.