nsga2 | R Documentation |
The NSGA-II algorithm minimizes a multidimensional function to approximate its Pareto front and Pareto set.
It does this by successive sampling of the search space, each such sample is called a population.
The number of samples taken is governed by the generations
parameter, the size of the sample by the popsize
parameter.
Each population is obtained by creating so called offspring search points from the best individuals in the previous population.
The best individuals are calculated by non-dominated sorting breaking ties using the crowding distance.
The total number of function evaluations used is
n_eval = popsize * (generations + 1)
when generations
is a single number and
n_eval = popsize * (max(generations) + 1)
when generations
is a vector of numbers.
Note the additional generation of evaluations in the above equation.
These stem from the initial population which must be evaluated before the algorithm can start evolving new individuals.
While the algorithm supports unbounded minimization, it will throw a warning and best results are obtained when a sensible upper and lower bound are given. No attempt is made to find such a sensible region of interest, instead if any element of the upper or lower bound is infinite, it is replace with a very large number (currently +/-\Sexpr{.Machine$double.xmax/4}).
nsga2(fn, idim, odim, ...,
constraints = NULL, cdim = 0,
lower.bounds = rep(-Inf, idim), upper.bounds = rep(Inf, idim),
popsize = 100, generations = 100,
cprob = 0.7, cdist = 5,
mprob = 0.2, mdist = 10,
vectorized=FALSE)
fn |
Function to be minimized |
idim |
Input dimension |
odim |
Output dimension |
... |
Arguments passed through to 'fn' |
constraints |
Constraint function |
cdim |
Constraint dimension |
lower.bounds |
Lower bound of parameters |
upper.bounds |
Upper bound of parameters |
popsize |
Size of population |
generations |
Number of generations to breed. If a vector, then the result will contain the population at each given generation. |
cprob |
Crossover probability |
cdist |
Crossover distribution index |
mprob |
Mutation probability |
mdist |
Mutation distribution index |
vectorized |
If A vectorized of a function |
If generation is an integer, a list describing the final population
with components par
, value
and pareto.optimal
. If
generations is a vector, a list is returned. The i-th element of the
list contains the population after generations[i] generations, this is
not necessarily the set of new individuals that were evaluated in this
generation. Some of the new individuals might have been eliminated in
the selection phase.
Heike Trautmann trautmann@statistik.uni-dortmund.de, Detlef Steuer steuer@hsu-hamburg.de and Olaf Mersmann olafm@statistik.uni-dortmund.de
Deb, K., Pratap, A., and Agarwal, S.. A Fast and Elitist Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6 (8) (2002), 182-197.
zdt1
for more examples and a list of
multiobjective test functions.
## Binh 1 problem:
binh1 <- function(x) {
y <- numeric(2)
y[1] <- crossprod(x, x)
y[2] <- crossprod(x - 5, x - 5)
return (y)
}
r1 <- nsga2(binh1, 2, 2,
generations=150, popsize=100,
cprob=0.7, cdist=20,
mprob=0.2, mdist=20,
lower.bounds=rep(-5, 2),
upper.bounds=rep(10, 2))
plot(r1)
## VNT problem:
vnt <- function(x) {
y <- numeric(3)
xn <- crossprod(x, x)
y[1] <- xn/2 + sin(xn);
y[2] <- (crossprod(c(3, -2), x) + 4)^2/8 + (crossprod(c(1, -1), x) + 1)^2/27 + 15
y[3] <- 1/(xn + 1) - 1.1*exp(-xn)
return (y)
}
r2 <- nsga2(vnt, 2, 3,
generations=150, popsize=100,
lower.bounds=rep(-3, 2),
upper.bounds=rep(3, 2))
plot(r2)
## Example using constraints:
## minimize f(x) = (x[1]^2, x[2]^2)
## subject to g(x) = (sum(x) - 5) >= 0
f <- function(x) { x^2 }
g <- function(x) { sum(x) - 5 }
res <- nsga2(f, 2, 2, generations=500,
lower.bounds=c(0, 0), upper.bounds=c(10, 10),
constraints=g, cdim=1)
opar <-par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(res, xlab="y1", ylab="y2", main="Objective space")
plot(res$par, xlab="x1", ylab="x2", main="Parameter space")
par(opar)
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.