Soybean: Soybean Database

In mlbench: Machine Learning Benchmark Problems

Soybean Database

Description

There are 19 classes, only the first 15 of which have been used in prior work. The folklore seems to be that the last four classes are unjustified by the data since they have so few examples. There are 35 categorical attributes, some nominal and some ordered. The value “dna” means does not apply. The values for attributes are encoded numerically, with the first value encoded as “0,” the second as “1,” and so forth.

Usage

data("Soybean", package = "mlbench")

Format

A data frame with 683 observations on 36 variables. There are 35 categorical attributes, all numerical and a nominal denoting the class.

[,1]	Class	the 19 classes
[,2]	date	apr(0),may(1),june(2),july(3),aug(4),sept(5),oct(6).
[,3]	plant.stand	normal(0),lt-normal(1).
[,4]	precip	lt-norm(0),norm(1),gt-norm(2).
[,5]	temp	lt-norm(0),norm(1),gt-norm(2).
[,6]	hail	yes(0),no(1).
[,7]	crop.hist	dif-lst-yr(0),s-l-y(1),s-l-2-y(2), s-l-7-y(3).
[,8]	area.dam	scatter(0),low-area(1),upper-ar(2),whole-field(3).
[,9]	sever	minor(0),pot-severe(1),severe(2).
[,10]	seed.tmt	none(0),fungicide(1),other(2).
[,11]	germ	90-100%(0),80-89%(1),lt-80%(2).
[,12]	plant.growth	norm(0),abnorm(1).
[,13]	leaves	norm(0),abnorm(1).
[,14]	leaf.halo	absent(0),yellow-halos(1),no-yellow-halos(2).
[,15]	leaf.marg	w-s-marg(0),no-w-s-marg(1),dna(2).
[,16]	leaf.size	lt-1/8(0),gt-1/8(1),dna(2).
[,17]	leaf.shread	absent(0),present(1).
[,18]	leaf.malf	absent(0),present(1).
[,19]	leaf.mild	absent(0),upper-surf(1),lower-surf(2).
[,20]	stem	norm(0),abnorm(1).
[,21]	lodging	yes(0),no(1).
[,22]	stem.cankers	absent(0),below-soil(1),above-s(2),ab-sec-nde(3).
[,23]	canker.lesion	dna(0),brown(1),dk-brown-blk(2),tan(3).
[,24]	fruiting.bodies	absent(0),present(1).
[,25]	ext.decay	absent(0),firm-and-dry(1),watery(2).
[,26]	mycelium	absent(0),present(1).
[,27]	int.discolor	none(0),brown(1),black(2).
[,28]	sclerotia	absent(0),present(1).
[,29]	fruit.pods	norm(0),diseased(1),few-present(2),dna(3).
[,30]	fruit.spots	absent(0),col(1),br-w/blk-speck(2),distort(3),dna(4).
[,31]	seed	norm(0),abnorm(1).
[,32]	mold.growth	absent(0),present(1).
[,33]	seed.discolor	absent(0),present(1).
[,34]	seed.size	norm(0),lt-norm(1).
[,35]	shriveling	absent(0),present(1).
[,36]	roots	norm(0),rotted(1),galls-cysts(2).

Source

• Source: \bibcitetMichalski+Chilausky:1980

• Donor: Ming Tan & Jeff Schlimmer (Jeff.Schlimmer%cs.cmu.edu)

These data have been taken from the UCI Repository Of Machine Learning Databases \bibcitepBlake+Merz:1998 and were converted to R format by Evgenia Dimitriadou in the late 1990s.

The current version of the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository Soybean (Large) data set is available from \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.24432/C5JG6Z")}.

References

\bibshow

Michalski+Chilausky:1980

\bibshow

Tan+Eshelman:1988
– IWN recorded a 97.1% classification accuracy
– 290 training and 340 test instances

\bibshow

Fisher+Schlimmer:1988
– Notes why this database is highly predictable

\bibshow

Blake+Merz:1998

Examples

data("Soybean", package = "mlbench")
summary(Soybean)

mlbench documentation built on March 26, 2026, 5:09 p.m.