Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References Examples
This function is the Multi-level Monte Carlo driver which will sample from the levels of user specified function.
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Lmin |
the minimum level of refinement. Must be ≥ 2. |
Lmax |
the maximum level of refinement. Must be ≥ Lmin. |
N0 |
initial number of samples which are used for the first 3 levels and for any subsequent levels which are automatically added. Must be > 0. |
eps |
the target accuracy of the estimate. Must be > 0. |
mlmc_l |
a user supplied function which provides the estimate for level l |
alpha |
the weak error, O(2^{-alpha*l}). If |
beta |
the variance, O(2^{-beta*l}). If |
gamma |
the sample cost, O(2^{gamma*l}). Must be > 0. |
parallel |
if an integer is supplied, R will fork |
... |
additional arguments which are passed on when the user supplied
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Multilevel Monte Carlo Method method originated in works Giles (2008) and Heinrich (1998).
Consider a sequence P_0, P_1, …, which approximates P_L with increasing accuracy, but also increasing cost, we have the simple identity
E[P_L] = E[P_0] + ∑_{l=1}^L E[P_l-P_{l-1}],
and therefore we can use the following unbiased estimator for E[P_L],
N_0^{-1} ∑_{n=1}^{N_0} P_0^{(0,n)} + ∑_{l=1}^L \{ N_l^{-1} ∑_{n=1}^{N_l} (P_l^{(l,n)} - P_{l-1}^{(l,n)}) \}
with the inclusion of the level l in the superscript (l,n) indicating that the samples used at each level of correction are independent.
Set C_0, and V_0 to be the cost and variance of one sample of P_0, and C_l, V_l to be the cost and variance of one sample of P_l - P_{l-1}, then the overall cost and variance of the multilevel estimator is ∑_{l=0}^L N_l C_l\} and ∑_{l=0}^L N_l^{-1} V_l, respectively.
The idea begind the method, is that provided that the product V_l C_l decreases with l, i.e. the cost increases with level slower than the variance decreases, then one can achieve significant computational savings, which can be formalised as in Theorem 1 of Giles (2015).
For further information on multilevel Monte Carlo methods, see the webpage http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/gilesm/mlmc_community.html which lists the research groups working in the area, and their main publications.
This function is based on GPL-2 'Matlab' code by Mike Giles.
A list containing:
P
The MLMC estimate;
Nl
A vector of the number of samples performed on each level.
Louis Aslett <aslett@stats.ox.ac.uk>
Mike Giles <Mike.Giles@maths.ox.ac.uk>
Tigran Nagapetyan <nagapetyan@stats.ox.ac.uk>
M.B. Giles. Multilevel Monte Carlo path simulation. Operations Research, 56(3):607-617, 2008.
M.B. Giles. Multilevel Monte Carlo methods. Acta Numerica, 24:259-328, 2015.
S. Heinrich. Monte Carlo complexity of global solution of integral equations. Journal of Complexity, 14(2):151-175, 1998.
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