ordLORgee: Marginal Models For Correlated Ordinal Multinomial Responses

In multgee: GEE Solver for Correlated Nominal or Ordinal Multinomial Responses

Marginal Models For Correlated Ordinal Multinomial Responses

Description

Solving the generalized estimating equations for correlated ordinal multinomial responses assuming a cumulative link model or an adjacent categories logit model for the marginal probabilities.

Usage

ordLORgee(formula = formula(data), data = parent.frame(), id = id,
  repeated = NULL, link = "logit", bstart = NULL,
  LORstr = "category.exch", LORem = "3way", LORterm = NULL, add = 0,
  homogeneous = TRUE, restricted = FALSE, control = LORgee_control(),
  ipfp.ctrl = ipfp.control(), IM = "solve")

Arguments

formula	a formula expression as for other regression models for multinomial responses. An intercept term must be included.
data	an optional data frame containing the variables provided in formula, id and repeated.
id	a vector that identifies the clusters.
repeated	an optional vector that identifies the order of observations within each cluster.
link	a character string that specifies the link function. Options include "logit", "probit", "cauchit", "cloglog" or "acl".
bstart	a vector that includes an initial estimate for the marginal regression parameter vector.
LORstr	a character string that indicates the marginalized local odds ratios structure. Options include "independence", "uniform", "category.exch", "time.exch", "RC" or "fixed".
LORem	a character string that indicates if the marginalized local odds ratios structure is estimated simultaneously ("3way") or independently at each level pair of repeated ("2way").
LORterm	a matrix that satisfies the user-defined local odds ratios structure. It is ignored unless LORstr="fixed".
add	a positive constant to be added at each cell of the full marginalized contingency table in the presence of zero observed counts.
homogeneous	a logical that indicates homogeneous score parameters when LORstr="time.exch" or "RC".
restricted	a logical that indicates monotone score parameters when LORstr="time.exch" or "RC".
control	a vector that specifies the control variables for the GEE solver.
ipfp.ctrl	a vector that specifies the control variables for the function ipfp.
IM	a character string that indicates the method used for inverting a matrix. Options include "solve", "qr.solve" or "cholesky".

Details

The data must be provided in case level or equivalently in ‘long’ format. See details about the ‘long’ format in the function reshape.

A term of the form offset(expression) is allowed in the right hand side of formula.

The default set for the response categories is \{1,\ldots,J\}, where J>2 is the maximum observed response category. If otherwise, the function recodes the observed response categories onto this set.

The J-th response category is omitted.

The default set for the id labels is \{1,\ldots,N\}, where N is the sample size. If otherwise, the function recodes the given labels onto this set.

The argument repeated can be ignored only when data is written in such a way that the t-th observation in each cluster is recorded at the t-th measurement occasion. If this is not the case, then the user must provide repeated. The suggested set for the levels of repeated is \{1,\ldots,T\}, where T is the number of observed levels. If otherwise, the function recodes the given levels onto this set.

The variables id and repeated do not need to be pre-sorted. Instead the function reshapes data in an ascending order of id and repeated.

The fitted marginal cumulative link model is

Pr(Y_{it}\le j |x_{it})=F(\beta_{j0} +\beta^{'} x_{it})

where Y_{it} is the t-th multinomial response for cluster i, x_{it} is the associated covariates vector, F is the cumulative distribution function determined by link, \beta_{j0} is the j-th response category specific intercept and \beta is the marginal regression parameter vector excluding intercepts.

The marginal adjacent categories logit model

log \frac{Pr(Y_{it}=j |x_{it})}{Pr(Y_{it}=j+1 |x_{it})}=\beta_{j0} +\beta^{'} x_{it}

is fitted if and only if link="acl". In contrast to a marginal cumulative link model, here the intercepts do not need to be monotone increasing.

The formulae are easier to read from either the Vignette or the Reference Manual (both available here).

The LORterm argument must be an L x J^2 matrix, where L is the number of level pairs of repeated. These are ordered as (1,2), (1,3),\ldots,(1,T), (2,3),\ldots,(T-1,T) and the rows of LORterm are supposed to preserve this order. Each row is assumed to contain the vectorized form of a probability table that satisfies the desired local odds ratios structure.

Value

Returns an object of the class "LORgee". This has components:

call	the matched call.
title	title for the GEE model.
version	the current version of the GEE solver.
link	the marginal link function.
local.odds.ratios	the marginalized local odds ratios structure variables.
terms	the terms structure describing the model.
contrasts	the contrasts used for the factors.
nobs	the number of observations.
convergence	the values of the convergence variables.
coefficients	the estimated regression parameter vector of the marginal model.
linear.pred	the estimated linear predictor of the marginal regression model. The j-th column corresponds to the j-th response category.
fitted.values	the estimated fitted values of the marginal regression model. The j-th column corresponds to the j-th response category.
residuals	the residuals of the marginal regression model. The j-th column corresponds to the j-th response category.
y	the multinomial response variables.
id	the id variable.
max.id	the number of clusters.
clusz	the number of observations within each cluster.
robust.variance	the estimated sandwich (robust) covariance matrix.
naive.variance	the estimated model-based (naive) covariance matrix.
xnames	the regression coefficients' symbolic names.
categories	the number of observed response categories.
occasions	the levels of the repeated variable.
LORgee_control	the control values for the GEE solver.
ipfp.control	the control values for the function ipfp.
inverse.method	the method used for inverting matrices.
adding.constant	the value used for add.
pvalue	the p-value based on a Wald test that no covariates are statistically significant.

Generic coef, summary, print, fitted and residuals methods are available. The pvalue of the Null model corresponds to the hypothesis H_0: \beta=0 based on the Wald test statistic.

Author(s)

Anestis Touloumis

References

Touloumis, A., Agresti, A. and Kateri, M. (2013) GEE for multinomial responses using a local odds ratios parameterization. Biometrics, 69, 633-640.

Touloumis, A. (2015) R Package multgee: A Generalized Estimating Equations Solver for Multinomial Responses. Journal of Statistical Software, 64, 1-14.

See Also

For a nominal response scale use the function nomLORgee.

Examples

data(arthritis)
intrinsic.pars(y, arthritis, id, time)
fitmod <- ordLORgee(formula = y ~ factor(time) + factor(trt) + factor(baseline),
  data = arthritis, id = id, repeated = time, LORstr = "uniform")
summary(fitmod)

multgee documentation built on Sept. 2, 2023, 9:06 a.m.