nabla: Exact Derivatives via Automatic Differentiation

Exact automatic differentiation for R functions. Provides a composable derivative operator D that computes gradients, Hessians, Jacobians, and arbitrary-order derivative tensors at machine precision. D(D(f)) gives Hessians, D(D(D(f))) gives third-order tensors for skewness of maximum likelihood estimators, and so on to any order. Works through any R code including loops, branches, and control flow.

Package details

AuthorAlexander Towell [aut, cre] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-9897>)
MaintainerAlexander Towell <queelius@gmail.com>
LicenseMIT + file LICENSE
Version0.7.1
URL https://github.com/queelius/nabla https://metafunctor.com
Package repositoryView on CRAN
Installation Install the latest version of this package by entering the following in R:
install.packages("nabla")

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nabla documentation built on Feb. 11, 2026, 1:06 a.m.