measure_closure: Measuring network closure

In netrics: Many Ways to Measure and Classify Membership for Networks, Nodes, and Ties

Measuring network closure

Description

These functions offer methods for summarising the closure in configurations in one-, two-, and three-mode networks:

• net_by_reciprocity() measures reciprocity in a (usually directed) network.

• net_by_transitivity() measures transitivity in a network.

• net_by_equivalency() measures equivalence or reinforcement in a (usually two-mode) network.

• net_by_congruency() measures congruency across two two-mode networks.

Usage

net_by_reciprocity(.data, method = "default")

net_by_transitivity(.data)

net_by_equivalency(.data)

net_by_congruency(.data, object2)

Arguments

.data	A network object of class mnet, igraph, tbl_graph, network, or similar. For more information on the standard coercion possible, see manynet::as_tidygraph().
method	For reciprocity, either default or ratio. See ?igraph::reciprocity
object2	Optionally, a second (two-mode) matrix, igraph, or tidygraph

Details

For one-mode networks, shallow wrappers of igraph versions exist via net_reciprocity and net_transitivity.

For two-mode networks, net_equivalency calculates the proportion of three-paths in the network that are closed by fourth tie to establish a "shared four-cycle" structure.

For three-mode networks, net_congruency calculates the proportion of three-paths spanning two two-mode networks that are closed by a fourth tie to establish a "congruent four-cycle" structure.

Value

A network_measure numeric score.

Equivalency

The net_by_equivalency() function calculates the Robins and Alexander (2004) clustering coefficient for two-mode networks. Note that for weighted two-mode networks, the result is divided by the average tie weight.

References

On equivalency or four-cycles

Robins, Garry L, and Malcolm Alexander. 2004. Small worlds among interlocking directors: Network structure and distance in bipartite graphs. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 10(1): 69–94. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1023/B:CMOT.0000032580.12184.c0")}.

On congruency

Knoke, David, Mario Diani, James Hollway, and Dimitris C Christopoulos. 2021. Multimodal Political Networks. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1017/9781108985000")}

See Also

Other measures: measure_assort_net, measure_assort_node, measure_breadth, measure_broker_node, measure_broker_tie, measure_brokerage, measure_central_between, measure_central_close, measure_central_degree, measure_central_eigen, measure_centralities_between, measure_centralities_close, measure_centralities_degree, measure_centralities_eigen, measure_closure_node, measure_cohesion, measure_core, measure_diffusion_infection, measure_diffusion_net, measure_diffusion_node, measure_diverse_net, measure_diverse_node, measure_features, measure_fragmentation, measure_hierarchy, measure_periods

Examples

net_by_reciprocity(ison_southern_women)
net_by_transitivity(ison_adolescents)
net_by_equivalency(ison_southern_women)

netrics documentation built on July 24, 2026, 5:07 p.m.