R/market_growth.R

In qmj: Quality Scores for the Russell 3000

#' Collects growth z-scores for companies
#'
#' Given a data frame of companies (names and tickers) and 
#' a data frame of financial statements, calculates GPOA, 
#' ROE, ROA, CFOA, GMAR, ACC over a four-year time span
#' and determines the z-score of overall growth for each 
#' company based on the paper Quality Minus Junk 
#' (Asness et al.) in Appendix page A2.
#' 
#' @param companies A data frame of company names and tickers.
#' @param financials A data frame containing financial
#' statements for every company.
#' 
#' @seealso \code{\link{market_data}}
#' @seealso \code{\link{market_profitability}}
#' @seealso \code{\link{market_safety}}
#' @seealso \code{\link{market_payouts}}
#' 
#' @examples
#' market_growth(companies_r3k16[1,], financials_r3k16)
#' @importFrom dplyr distinct arrange desc
#' @importFrom rlang .data
#' @return data.frame of market growth values
#' @export

market_growth <- function(companies = qmj::companies_r3k16, financials = qmj::financials_r3k16) {
  if (length(companies$ticker) == 0) {
    stop("first parameter requires a ticker column.")
  }
  if (length(which(financials$TCSO < 0))) {
    stop("Negative TCSO exists.")
  }
  allcompanies <- data.frame(companies$ticker)
  colnames(allcompanies) <- "ticker"
  numCompanies <- length(companies$tickers)
  
  ## Set unavailable financial info to 0
  financials[is.na(financials)] <- 0
  
  
  ## We only need the first and last years of company financials to calculate growth.  In this case, order the data by year, and then grab the first
  ## instance of each ticker to appear. In order to get the last year, reverse the ordering and repeat.
  fin <- financials
  fin <- dplyr::arrange(fin, desc(.data[["year"]]))
  
  fstyear <- dplyr::distinct(fin, .data[["ticker"]], .keep_all = TRUE)
  fstyear <- merge(allcompanies, fstyear, by = "ticker", all.x = TRUE)
  
  fin <- dplyr::arrange(fin, .data[["year"]])
  lstyear <- dplyr::distinct(fin, .data[["ticker"]], .keep_all = TRUE)
  lstyear <- merge(allcompanies, lstyear, by = "ticker", all.x = TRUE)
  
  ## Functions below calculate the individual components of growth for each company.
  gpoa <- function(gprof1, gprof2, ta) {
    (gprof1 - gprof2)/ta
  }
  
  roe <- function(ni1, ni2, tlse, tl, rps, nrps) {
    (ni1 - ni2)/(tlse - tl - rps + nrps)
  }
  
  roa <- function(ni1, ni2, ta) {
    (ni1 - ni2)/ta
  }
  cfoa <- function(ni1, dp1, cwc1, cx1, ni2, dp2, cwc2, cx2, ta) {
    changeCF1 <- ni1 + dp1 - cwc1 - cx1
    changeCF2 <- ni2 + dp2 - cwc2 - cx2
    (changeCF1 - changeCF2)/ta
  }
  gmar <- function(gprof1, gprof2, trev) {
    (gprof1 - gprof2)/trev
  }
  acc <- function(dp1, cwc1, dp2, cwc2, ta) {
    accrual1 <- dp1 - cwc1
    accrual2 <- dp2 - cwc2
    (accrual1 - accrual2)/ta
  }
  
  ## Calculate the various raw scores for all companies.
  GPOA <- mapply(gpoa, fstyear$GPROF, lstyear$GPROF, lstyear$TA)
  
  ROE <- mapply(roe, fstyear$NI, lstyear$NI, lstyear$TLSE, lstyear$TL, lstyear$RPS, lstyear$NRPS)
  ROA <- mapply(roa, fstyear$NI, lstyear$NI, lstyear$TA)
  CFOA <- mapply(cfoa, fstyear$NI, fstyear$DP.DPL, fstyear$CWC, fstyear$CX, lstyear$NI, lstyear$DP.DPL, lstyear$CWC, lstyear$CX, lstyear$TA)
  GMAR <- mapply(gmar, fstyear$GPROF, lstyear$GPROF, lstyear$TREV)
  ACC <- mapply(acc, fstyear$DP.DPL, fstyear$CWC, lstyear$DP.DPL, lstyear$CWC, lstyear$TA)
  
  ## Remove potential errors from Inf values.
  GPOA[is.infinite(GPOA)] <- 0
  ROE[is.infinite(ROE)] <- 0
  ROA[is.infinite(ROA)] <- 0
  CFOA[is.infinite(CFOA)] <- 0
  GMAR[is.infinite(GMAR)] <- 0
  ACC[is.infinite(ACC)] <- 0
  
  ## Convert the raw scores into z-scores.
  GPOA <- scale(GPOA)
  ROE <- scale(ROE)
  ROA <- scale(ROA)
  CFOA <- scale(CFOA)
  GMAR <- scale(GMAR)
  ACC <- scale(ACC)
  
  ## Remove potential errors from nan values.
  GPOA[is.nan(GPOA)] <- 0
  ROE[is.nan(ROE)] <- 0
  ROA[is.nan(ROA)] <- 0
  CFOA[is.nan(CFOA)] <- 0
  GMAR[is.nan(GMAR)] <- 0
  ACC[is.nan(ACC)] <- 0
  
  growth <- GPOA + ROE + ROA + CFOA + GMAR + ACC
  growth <- scale(growth)
  data.frame(ticker = companies$ticker, growth = growth, GPOA = GPOA, ROE = ROE, ROA = ROA, CFOA = CFOA, GMAR = GMAR, ACC = ACC)
}