tools/vendor/abseil-cpp/CONTRIBUTING.md

In s2: Spherical Geometry Operators Using the S2 Geometry Library

How to Contribute to Abseil

We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are just a few small guidelines you need to follow.

NOTE: If you are new to GitHub, please start by reading Pull Request howto

Contributor License Agreement

Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution, this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as part of the project. Head over to https://cla.developers.google.com/ to see your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.

You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one (even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it again.

Contribution Guidelines

Potential contributors sometimes ask us if the Abseil project is the appropriate home for their utility library code or for specific functions implementing missing portions of the standard. Often, the answer to this question is "no". We’d like to articulate our thinking on this issue so that our choices can be understood by everyone and so that contributors can have a better intuition about whether Abseil might be interested in adopting a new library.

Priorities

Although our mission is to augment the C++ standard library, our goal is not to provide a full forward-compatible implementation of the latest standard. For us to consider a library for inclusion in Abseil, it is not enough that a library is useful. We generally choose to release a library when it meets at least one of the following criteria:

• Widespread usage - Using our internal codebase to help gauge usage, most of the libraries we've released have tens of thousands of users.
• Anticipated widespread usage - Pre-adoption of some standard-compliant APIs may not have broad adoption initially but can be expected to pick up usage when it replaces legacy APIs. absl::from_chars, for example, replaces existing code that converts strings to numbers and will therefore likely see usage growth.
• High impact - APIs that provide a key solution to a specific problem, such as absl::FixedArray, have higher impact than usage numbers may signal and are released because of their importance.
• Direct support for a library that falls under one of the above - When we want access to a smaller library as an implementation detail for a higher-priority library we plan to release, we may release it, as we did with portions of absl/meta/type_traits.h. One consequence of this is that the presence of a library in Abseil does not necessarily mean that other similar libraries would be a high priority.

API Freeze Consequences

Via the Abseil Compatibility Guidelines, we have promised a large degree of API stability. In particular, we will not make backward-incompatible changes to released APIs without also shipping a tool or process that can upgrade our users' code. We are not yet at the point of easily releasing such tools. Therefore, at this time, shipping a library establishes an API contract which is borderline unchangeable. (We can add new functionality, but we cannot easily change existing behavior.) This constraint forces us to very carefully review all APIs that we ship.

Coding Style

To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge, we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the google-styleguide project. All patches will be expected to conform to the style outlined here.

Guidelines for Pull Requests

• If you are a Googler, it is required that you send us a Piper CL instead of using the GitHub pull-request process. The code propagation process will deliver the change to GitHub.

• Create small PRs that are narrowly focused on addressing a single concern. We often receive PRs that are trying to fix several things at a time, but if only one fix is considered acceptable, nothing gets merged and both author's & review's time is wasted. Create more PRs to address different concerns and everyone will be happy.

• For speculative changes, consider opening an Abseil issue and discussing it first. If you are suggesting a behavioral or API change, consider starting with an Abseil proposal template.

• Provide a good PR description as a record of what change is being made and why it was made. Link to a GitHub issue if it exists.

• Don't fix code style and formatting unless you are already changing that line to address an issue. Formatting of modified lines may be done using git clang-format. PRs with irrelevant changes won't be merged. If you do want to fix formatting or style, do that in a separate PR.

• Unless your PR is trivial, you should expect there will be reviewer comments that you'll need to address before merging. We expect you to be reasonably responsive to those comments, otherwise the PR will be closed after 2-3 weeks of inactivity.

• Maintain clean commit history and use meaningful commit messages. PRs with messy commit history are difficult to review and won't be merged. Use rebase -i upstream/master to curate your commit history and/or to bring in latest changes from master (but avoid rebasing in the middle of a code review).

• Keep your PR up to date with upstream/master (if there are merge conflicts, we can't really merge your change).

• All tests need to be passing before your change can be merged. We recommend you run tests locally (see below)

• Exceptions to the rules can be made if there's a compelling reason for doing so. That is - the rules are here to serve us, not the other way around, and the rules need to be serving their intended purpose to be valuable.

• All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review.

Running Tests

If you have Bazel installed, use bazel test --test_tag_filters="-benchmark" ... to run the unit tests.

If you are running the Linux operating system and have Docker installed, you can also run the linux_*.sh scripts under the ci/(https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/tree/master/ci) directory to test Abseil under a variety of conditions.

Abseil Committers

The current members of the Abseil engineering team are the only committers at present.

Release Process

Abseil lives at head, where latest-and-greatest code can be found.

s2 documentation built on June 1, 2026, 5:08 p.m.