On Windows or MacOS you can install the binary package directly from CRAN:
install.packages("ssh")
Installation from source requires libssh
(which is not libssh2
). On Debian or Ubuntu use libssh-dev:
sudo apt-get install -y libssh-dev
On Fedora we need libssh-devel:
sudo yum install libssh-devel ```` On __CentOS / RHEL__ we install [libssh-devel](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/libssh) via EPEL:
sudo yum install epel-release sudo yum install libssh-devel
On __OS-X__ use libssh from Homebrew:
brew install libssh
## Connecting to an SSH server First create an ssh session by connecting to an SSH server. ```r session <- ssh_connect("jeroen@dev.opencpu.org") print(session)
<ssh session> jeroen@dev.opencpu.org:22 (connected) server: 90:eb:52:6b:ee:fc:de:f1:c0:66:6c:53:82:dd:ce:80:d3:85:1e:d8
Once established, a session is closed automatically by the garbage collector when the object goes out of scope or when R quits. You can also manually close it using ssh_disconnect()
but this is not strictly needed.
The client attempts to use the following authentication methods (in this order) until one succeeds:
privkey
argument in ssh_connect()
if specified~/.ssh/config
or any of the default locations: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
, ~/.ssh/id_rsa
, or .ssh/id_dsa
.To debug authentication set verbosity to at least level 2 or 3:
session <- ssh_connect("jeroen@dev.opencpu.org", verbose = 2)
ssh_socket_connect: Nonblocking connection socket: 7 ssh_connect: Socket connecting, now waiting for the callbacks to work socket_callback_connected: Socket connection callback: 1 (0) ssh_client_connection_callback: SSH server banner: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 ssh_analyze_banner: Analyzing banner: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 ssh_analyze_banner: We are talking to an OpenSSH client version: 7.2 (70200) ssh_packet_dh_reply: Received SSH_KEXDH_REPLY ssh_client_curve25519_reply: SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS sent ssh_packet_newkeys: Received SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS ssh_packet_newkeys: Signature verified and valid ssh_packet_userauth_failure: Access denied. Authentication that can continue: publickey ssh_packet_userauth_failure: Access denied. Authentication that can continue: publickey ssh_agent_get_ident_count: Answer type: 12, expected answer: 12 ssh_userauth_publickey_auto: Successfully authenticated using /Users/jeroen/.ssh/id_rsa
Tools for setting up and debugging your ssh keys are provided via the credentials
package.
ssh_key_info()
$key [1] "/Users/jeroen/.ssh/id_ed25519" $pubkey [1] "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAILGN+5tybmwKhcxvnwPSKlrp39Ni1gMD0UhV4gCxHg/x"
Run a command or script on the host and block while it runs. By default stdout and stderr are steamed directly back to the client. This function returns the exit status of the remote command (hence it does not automatically error for an unsuccessful exit status).
out <- ssh_exec_wait(session, command = 'whoami')
jeroen
print(out)
[1] 0
You can also run a script that consists of multiple commands.
ssh_exec_wait(session, command = c( 'curl -O https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/jsonlite/jsonlite_1.4.tar.gz', 'R CMD check jsonlite_1.4.tar.gz', 'rm -f jsonlite_1.4.tar.gz' ))
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1071k 100 1071k 0 0 654k 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 654k * using log directory '/home/jeroen/jsonlite.Rcheck' * using R version 3.4.3 (2017-11-30) * using platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) * using session charset: ASCII * checking for file 'jsonlite/DESCRIPTION' ... OK * this is package 'jsonlite' version '1.4' * checking package namespace information ... OK * checking package dependencies ... ...
The ssh_exec_internal()
is a convenient wrapper for ssh_exec_wait()
which buffers the output steams and returns them as a raw vector. Also it raises an error by default when the remote command was not successful.
out <- ssh_exec_internal(session, "R -e 'rnorm(10)'") print(out$status)
[1] 0
cat(rawToChar(out$stdout))
R version 4.1.2 (2021-11-01) -- "Bird Hippie" Copyright (C) 2021 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details. Natural language support but running in an English locale R is a collaborative project with many contributors. Type 'contributors()' for more information and 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications. Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help. Type 'q()' to quit R. > rnorm(10) [1] -0.3837970 0.9754719 0.9999716 -0.2634097 0.1845797 -0.5664418 [7] 0.6975547 -0.2063897 -0.7263869 2.3826802 > >
This function is very useful if you are running a remote command and want to use it's output as if you had executed it locally.
Note that the exec functions are non interactive so they cannot prompt for a sudo password. A trick is to use -S
which reads the password from stdin:
command <- 'echo "mypassword!" | sudo -s -S apt-get update -y' out <- ssh_exec_wait(session, command)
Be very careful with hardcoding passwords!
Upload and download files via SCP. Directories are automatically traversed as in scp -r
.
# Upload a file to the server file_path <- R.home("COPYING") scp_upload(session, file_path)
# Download the file back and verify it is the same scp_download(session, "COPYING", to = tempdir()) tools::md5sum(file_path) tools::md5sum(file.path(tempdir(), "COPYING"))
Opens a port on your machine and tunnel all traffic to a custom target host via the SSH server.
ssh_tunnel(session, port = 5555, target = "ds043942.mongolab.com:43942")
This function blocks while the tunnel is active. Use the tunnel by connecting to localhost:5555
from a separate process. The tunnel can only be used once and will automatically be closed when the client disconnects.
When you are done with the session you should disconnect:
ssh_disconnect(session)
If you forgot to disconnect, the garbage collector will do so for you (with a warning).
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
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