raw2scaled | R Documentation |
Convert raw neuropsychological test scores to scaled scores.
raw2scaled( data = NULL, test = NULL, test.min = NULL, test.max = NULL, test.better = c("High", "Low"), group.id = NULL, control.id = NULL, all.controls = FALSE, rnd.s = FALSE )
data |
a data frame containing the test score |
test |
a character string specifying the name of the variable containing the test score |
test.min |
a real number indicating the smallest possible test score |
test.max |
a real number indicating the largest possible test score |
test.better |
a character string indicating direction of the scores. Use "High" if high test scores imply better performance, use "Low" otherwise. |
group.id |
a character string specifying the name of the variable containing group identification (i.e. control vs exposed/test/risk). Ignored, if all.controls = TRUE. |
control.id |
a character string specifying the label of the control group within group.id variable. Ignored, if all.controls = TRUE. |
all.controls |
a logical indicating whether all observations should be treated as controls. Overwrites group.id and control.id. |
rnd.s |
a logical indicating whether the scaled scores should be rounded. Default is FALSE. |
The raw2scaled()
function can be used by neuropsychologists, who wish
to convert raw test scores to scaled scores (mean=10, SD=3), using methods
described in Heaton et al. (2003 & 2009). The raw test scores that have many
decimal digits should be rounded to fewer digits prior to the application of
the raw2scaled()
function. This will significantly reduce software
running time. The recommended number of decimal digits is 4 or fewer. Values
below test.min
or above test.max
will result in NA. Detailed
description of the procedure will be found in Umlauf et al. (In revision).
Note that the function does not guarantee that the calculated scaled scores range from 0 to 20, because it uses normal distribution quantiles. Therefore, scaled scores outside 0-20 range are possible.
A list consisting of 3 objects. The first two are vectors containing the
original raw test scores and the calculated scaled scores. The third object
in the list, called SS.maps
, contains conversions from raw scores to
scaled scores in a form of a table with two columns, one representing scaled
scores (one per row) and one representing raw scores (a single value or range
of raw values corresponding to each scaled score). Note that this table
shows rounded scaled scores regardless of the value for rnd.s
.
Anya Umlauf
Umlauf A et al. (2022) Automated procedure for demographic adjustments on cognitive test scores. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Heaton RK, Taylor MJ, & Manly J (2003) Demographic effects and use of demographically corrected norms with the WAIS-III and WMS-III. In: Tulsky D et al. (Eds.) Clinical Interpretation of the WAIS-III and WMS-III. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 183-210.
Heaton RK, Ryan L, & Grant I (2009) Demographic influences and use of demographically corrected norms in neuropsychological assessment. In Grant I & Adams KM (Eds.) Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric and Neuromedical Disorders. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 127-155.
data(PsychTestData) raw2scaled(data = PsychTestData, test = "rawscore", test.min = 0, test.max = 36, test.better = "High", group.id = "group", control.id = "control")
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