adasyn: Adaptive Synthetic Algorithm

In themis: Extra Recipes Steps for Dealing with Unbalanced Data

Adaptive Synthetic Algorithm

Description

Generates synthetic positive instances using ADASYN algorithm.

Usage

adasyn(df, var, k = 5, over_ratio = 1, distance = "euclidean")

Arguments

df	data.frame or tibble. Must have 1 factor variable and remaining numeric variables.
var	Character, name of variable containing factor variable.
k	An integer. Number of nearest neighbor that are used to generate the new examples of the minority class.
over_ratio	A numeric value for the ratio of the minority-to-majority frequencies. The default value (1) means that all other levels are sampled up to have the same frequency as the most occurring level. A value of 0.5 would mean that the minority levels will have (at most) (approximately) half as many rows as the majority level. A named numeric vector can be used instead to give different levels different targets, for example c(a = 1, b = 0.5). The names must be levels of the outcome and the values are ratios of the majority level, exactly as in the single-number case. Levels that are not named are left untouched, as are rows with a missing outcome. Because a vector of targets is not a single value, supplying one means this argument can no longer be tuned. See vignette("ratio", package = "themis") for more details.
distance	A character string specifying the distance metric used for nearest neighbor calculations, defaulting to "euclidean". The available metrics fall into three groups. "euclidean", "cosine", and "mahalanobis" use approximate nearest neighbors via the RANN package and scale well to large datasets. "squared_chord", "matusita", "hellinger", and "bhattacharyya" are probability-divergence measures that treat each row as a distribution over the predictors, so they require non-negative values. "hellinger" and "bhattacharyya" further require each row to sum to 1. All four also use the RANN package and scale well to large datasets. "manhattan", "chebyshev", "canberra", "soergel", "lorentzian", "jeffreys", "topsoe", "jensen-shannon", "jensen_difference", "taneja", and "kumar-johnson" compute an exact all-pairs distance matrix. This takes time and memory proportional to the square of the number of observations in a class, so these are best suited to smaller datasets. Everything from "canberra" onwards is a probability divergence requiring non-negative values, is provided by the philentropy package (which must be installed separately), and in the case of "jeffreys", "taneja", and "kumar-johnson" requires strictly positive values, since those divide by individual predictor values. The probability divergences are meaningful for compositional predictors such as proportions or counts normalized per observation, and are generally not appropriate for standardized predictors.

Details

ADASYN is an extension of SMOTE that adaptively generates synthetic minority class examples based on the local distribution of each minority instance. Instead of generating the same number of synthetic examples for every minority instance, ADASYN generates more synthetic examples for instances that are harder to learn, specifically those surrounded by more majority class neighbors. This focuses synthetic data generation on the difficult boundary regions of the minority class, resulting in a more informative augmentation than standard SMOTE.

All columns used in this function must be numeric with no missing data.

Value

A data.frame or tibble, depending on type of df.

References

He, H., Bai, Y., Garcia, E. and Li, S. 2008. ADASYN: Adaptive synthetic sampling approach for imbalanced learning. Proceedings of IJCNN 2008. (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence). IEEE International Joint Conference. pp.1322-1328.

See Also

step_adasyn() for step function of this method

Other Direct Implementations: bsmote(), cluster_centroids(), cnn(), enn(), instance_hardness(), kmeans_smote(), ncl(), nearmiss(), oss(), rose(), smogn(), smote(), smoten(), smotenc(), svmsmote(), tomek()

Examples

circle_numeric <- circle_example[, c("x", "y", "class")]

res <- adasyn(circle_numeric, var = "class")

res <- adasyn(circle_numeric, var = "class", k = 10)

res <- adasyn(circle_numeric, var = "class", over_ratio = 0.8)

res <- adasyn(circle_numeric, var = "class", distance = "manhattan")

themis documentation built on Aug. 2, 2026, 9:07 a.m.