hrrecov: Exercise Heart Rate Recovery and Mortality

In varPro: Model-Independent Variable Selection via the Rule-Based Variable Priority

Exercise Heart Rate Recovery and Mortality

Description

A survival dataset from a cohort of patients referred for symptom-limited exercise testing, originally used to study exercise heart rate recovery as a predictor of all-cause mortality.

Usage

data(hrrecov)

Format

A data frame with 23701 observations on 83 variables.

ttodead

Follow-up time to death or censoring, in years (rounded to 2 decimals).

died

Event indicator (1 = death, 0 = right-censored).

hrrecov

Heart rate recovery (beats/min): peak heart rate minus heart rate 1 minute into recovery.

lowrec

Indicator for low/abnormal heart rate recovery.

lowcri

Indicator for low chronotropic response index/chronotropic incompetence.

peak_hr

Peak heart rate during exercise (beats/min).

peak_met

Peak workload achieved (metabolic equivalents, METs).

fitness

Fitness category (ordinal 1-5; coding as in source data).

heart_ra

Resting heart rate prior to testing (beats/min).

sbprest

Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg).

dbprest

Resting diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg).

age

Age at exercise test (years).

gender

Sex indicator (1=men).

race

Race category (integer code; coding as in source data).

black

Indicator for Black race (0/1).

height

Height (m).

weight

Weight (kg).

bmi

Body mass index (kg/m^2).

bsa

Body surface area.

wtht

Weight-to-height ratio (weight/height; kg/m).

obese

Indicator for obesity (0/1).

priorcad

Known or suspected coronary artery disease prior to test (0/1).

mihist

History of myocardial infarction (0/1).

pcabg

Prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (0/1).

ppci

Prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (0/1).

cva

History of cerebrovascular accident/stroke (0/1).

tia

History of transient ischemic attack (0/1).

pvd

Peripheral vascular disease (0/1).

diabetes

History of diabetes mellitus (0/1).

insulin

Insulin therapy (0/1).

htn

History of hypertension (0/1).

htnrx

Antihypertensive treatment (0/1).

hichol

History of high cholesterol/hyperlipidemia (0/1).

smknow

Smoking history/status indicator.

asthma

History of asthma (0/1).

copd

History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0/1).

esrd

End-stage renal disease (0/1).

lv_dysf

Left ventricular dysfunction (0/1).

ecgmi

ECG evidence of myocardial infarction (0/1).

ecglvh

ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (0/1).

lbbb

Left bundle branch block (0/1).

rbbb

Right bundle branch block (0/1).

restst

Resting ST-segment abnormality (0/1).

stnond

Non-diagnostic ST-segment response (0/1).

stabn

ST-segment abnormality during testing (0/1).

stabnb

ST-segment abnormality subtype/flag.

stabnv

ST-segment abnormality subtype/flag.

rtachy

Tachycardia indicator.

typcp

Typical chest pain indicator.

ntangina

Angina history/symptom indicator.

ttangina

Angina during treadmill test (0/1).

ttclaud

Claudication during treadmill test (0/1).

image

Exercise test performed with imaging (0/1).

acei

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use (0/1).

aspirin

Aspirin use (0/1).

betablok

Beta-blocker use (0/1).

dilver

Diltiazem/verapamil use (0/1).

nifed

Nifedipine use (0/1).

diuretic

Diuretic use (0/1).

lipidrx

Lipid-lowering therapy use (0/1).

nitrates

Nitrate therapy use (0/1).

bdilat

Bronchodilator use (0/1).

rs_ami

Reason for referral/testing: acute myocardial infarction (0/1).

rs_mi

Reason for referral/testing: myocardial infarction (0/1).

rs_ptca

Reason for referral/testing: PTCA/angioplasty (0/1).

rs_cabg

Reason for referral/testing: CABG (0/1).

rs_arrth

Reason for referral/testing: arrhythmia (0/1).

rs_htran

Reason for referral/testing: heart transplant (0/1).

bpvc_rst

Bigeminal premature ventricular contractions at rest (0/1).

bpvc_ex

Bigeminal premature ventricular contractions during exercise (0/1).

bpvc_rec

Bigeminal premature ventricular contractions during recovery (0/1).

fpvc_rst

Frequent premature ventricular contractions at rest (0/1).

fpvc_ex

Frequent premature ventricular contractions during exercise (0/1).

fpvc_rec

Frequent premature ventricular contractions during recovery (0/1).

nsvt_rst

Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia at rest (0/1).

nsvt_ex

Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia during exercise (0/1).

nsvt_rec

Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia during recovery (0/1).

vtrp_rst

Ventricular triplets at rest (0/1).

vtrp_ex

Ventricular triplets during exercise (0/1).

vtrp_rec

Ventricular triplets during recovery (0/1).

hbm2_rec

Heart rate-related recovery measure at 2 minutes.

exec

Indicator variable (0/1); coding as in source data.

aso

Indicator variable (0/1); coding as in source data.

Details

Heart rate recovery (hrrecov) is defined as peak heart rate minus the heart rate measured 1 minute into recovery. The survival outcome is all-cause mortality with right-censoring. Unless otherwise noted, indicator variables are coded 0/1 (0 = no/absent, 1 = yes/present).

References

Ishwaran, H., Blackstone, E. H., Pothier, C. E. and Lauer, M. S. (2004). Relative risk forests for exercise heart rate recovery as a predictor of mortality. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 99, 591-600.

Examples

data(hrrecov)
vp <- varpro(Surv(ttodead, died)~., hrrecov, ntree=50, split.weight=FALSE) 
ivp <- ivarpro(vp)
partial.ivarpro(ivp, "peak_met", "fitness", "peak_hr",
        col.legend.n = 7, smooth.n = 7, x.dist = "auto")

varPro documentation built on Feb. 12, 2026, 5:07 p.m.