View source: R/posterior_interval.R
posterior_interval.stapreg | R Documentation |
The posterior_interval
function computes Bayesian posterior
uncertainty intervals. These intervals are also often referred
to as credible intervals.
## S3 method for class 'stapreg' posterior_interval(object, prob = 0.9, type = "central", pars = NULL, regex_pars = NULL, ...)
object |
A fitted model object returned by one of the
rstap modeling functions. See |
prob |
A number p (0 < p < 1) indicating the desired
probability mass to include in the intervals. The default is to report
90% intervals ( |
type |
The type of interval to compute. Currently the only option is
|
pars |
An optional character vector of parameter names. |
regex_pars |
An optional character vector of regular
expressions to use for parameter selection. |
... |
Currently ignored. |
Unlike for a frenquentist confidence interval, it is valid to say that, conditional on the data and model, we believe that with probability p the value of a parameter is in its 100p% posterior interval. This intuitive interpretation of Bayesian intervals is often erroneously applied to frequentist confidence intervals. See Morey et al. (2015) for more details on this issue and the advantages of using Bayesian posterior uncertainty intervals (also known as credible intervals).
We default to reporting 90% intervals rather than 95% intervals for several reasons:
Computational stability: 90% intervals are more stable than 95% intervals (for which each end relies on only 2.5% of the posterior draws).
Relation to Type-S errors (Gelman and Carlin, 2014): 95% of the mass in a 90% central interval is above the lower value (and 95% is below the upper value). For a parameter θ, it is therefore easy to see if the posterior probability that θ > 0 (or θ < 0) is larger or smaller than 95%.
Of course, if 95% intervals are desired they can be computed by
specifying prob=0.95
.
Currently posterior_interval
only computes central intervals because
other types of intervals are rarely useful for the models that rstap
can estimate. Additional possibilities may be provided in future releases as
more models become available.
A matrix with two columns and as many rows as model parameters (or
the subset of parameters specified by pars
and/or
regex_pars
). For a given value of prob
, p, the columns
correspond to the lower and upper 100p% interval limits and have the
names 100α/2% and 100(1 - α/2)%, where α
= 1-p. For example, if prob=0.9
is specified (a 90%
interval), then the column names will be "5%"
and "95%"
,
respectively.
Gelman, A. and Carlin, J. (2014). Beyond power calculations: assessing Type S (sign) and Type M (magnitude) errors. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 9(6), 641–51.
Morey, R. D., Hoekstra, R., Rouder, J., Lee, M. D., and Wagenmakers, E. (2016). The fallacy of placing confidence in confidence intervals. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 23(1), 103–123.
predictive_interval
for predictive intervals.
if (!exists("example_model")) example(example_model) posterior_interval(example_model) posterior_interval(example_model, regex_pars = "Coffee_Shop")
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