GTS2020: Geological Time Scale 2020
In LewisAJones/PalaeoData: What the Package Does (One Line, Title Case)

GTS2020

R Documentation

Geological Time Scale 2020

Description

A dataset of the Geological Time Scale 2020. Age data from: https://stratigraphy.org/timescale/. Definitions of relative climate states are also included in the dataset, and were compiled from various resources (see item descriptions). Supplementary information is also included in the dataset for plotting functionality (e.g. GTS2020 colour scheme).

Usage

data("GTS2020")

Format

A data frame with 189 rows and 20 variables:

index: Index number for the temporal order of all intervals present in the dataset
stage_number: Index number for stages
series_number: Index number for series
system_number: Index number for system
interval_name: Names of intervals in the dataset
rank: The temporal rank of intervals in the dataset
max_ma: The maximum age of the interval in millions of years before present
mid_ma: The midpoint age of the interval in millions of years before present
min_ma: The minimum age of the interval in millions of years before present
duration_myr: The duration of the interval in millions of years
climate_state_frakes_1992: Climate states/modes according to Frakes et al., (1992).
climate_state_hay_2016: Climate states/modes according to Hay (2016).
climate_gradient_boucot_2013: The strength of the climate gradient according to Boucot (2013).
co2_foster_2017: Atmospheric CO2 concentrations according to Foster et al., (2017).
glaciogenic_detritus_cather_2009: The presence of glaciogenic detritus according to Cather et al., (2009).
glacial_deposits_cao_2019: The presence of glacial deposits according to Cao et al., (2019).
climate_bin: Near equal-length climatic time bins based on the compiled literature.
climate_state: Respective climate states deduced from the compiled literature.
font: Colour of font to use for plotting in conjunction with the colour column.
colour: Colours of stages based on the ICS timescale https://stratigraphy.org/timescale/.

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References

Frakes, L.A. et al. (1992). Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic. Cambridge University Press. 288pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628948.

Cather, S.M. et al. (2009). Climate forcing by iron fertilization from repeated ignimbrite eruptions: The icehouse–silicic large igneous province (SLIP) hypothesis. Geosphere 5(3): 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00188.1.

Boucot, A. et al. (2013). Phanerozoic Paleoclimate: An Atlas of Lithologic Indicators of Climate. SEPM. 478pp. https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmcsp.11.

Hay, W.W. (2016). Experimenting on a Small Planet: A History of Scientific Discoveries, a Future of Climate Change and Global Warming. (2nd edition). Springer. 983pp.

Foster, G. et al. (2017). Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years. Nature Communications 8(14845): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14845.

Cao, W. et al. (2019). Palaeolatitudinal distribution of lithologic indicators of climate in a palaeogeographic framework. Geological Magazine 156(2):331–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756818000110.