knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE)
source('R/packages.R')
source('R/functions.R')
source('R/functions-phase2.R')
source('R/tables-phase2.R')
source('R/tables.R')
source('R/extract-fish.R')
source('R/functions-fish.R')
my_site <- 62425
my_site2 <- 62426

r appendix_title2()

Site Location {-}

PSCIS crossings r as.character(my_site) and r as.character(my_site2) are located on r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(stream_name), approximately r my_priority_info(loc = 'ds') %>% pull(survey_length_m)m and 185m upstream from where Grave Creek splits into two channels with the majority of flow originating from the other channel flowing from the south. Of note, the confluence of Grave Creek and the other channel is located approximately 175m to the west of where the confluence is mapped - likely due to a channel redirection approximately 375m upstream that appears to have occurred due to a large woody debris jam. Three PSCIS crossings (62427, 62428 and 62429) and one un-assessed modelled crossing (modelled ID 4601159) are located upstream of r as.character(my_site2) however, there are very minimal quantities of potential habitat upstream of their locations. Although mapped within the digital road atlas it is suspected that the road on which both culverts are located is a forest tenure road (Canfor Forest Products Ltd. tenure) as it is located immediately adjacent to another forest tenure road and within an area utilized for forestry.


Background {-}

Grave Creek is known to contain westslope cutthrout trout, rainbow trout and bull trout downstream of the subject culverts and westslope cutthrout trout above [@data_fish_obs]. Two habitat confirmation assessments were conducted downstream on the mainstem of Grave Creek in 2014 at PSCIS crossings 62421 and 62422 [@masseEKConfirmation2015]. Although @masseEKConfirmation2015 indicated that a representative for FLNRORD Fisheries had recommended that the lower culvert (62421) not be removed to prevent potential hybridization of westslope cutthrout trout with stocked rainbow trout downstream, at the time of the surveys, both structures had been replaced with bridges. Designs and remediations of these crossings were not recorded in PSCIS. Reassessments of these crossings were conducted by our team in 2020 and results will be loaded to PSCIS. In the field, Lotic Environmental Ltd. field teams were observed conducting two-pass closed site electrofishing in Grave Creek as part of a westslope cutthrout trout population assessment and aquatic monitoring program. Data from the program is uploaded to the Fisheries Information Summary System annually and is made available through the BC Data Catalog [@data_fish_obs; @moeStreamInventorySample].


PSCIS stream crossings r as.character(my_site) and r as.character(my_site2) were ranked as moderate priorities for follow up with habitat confirmation due to the relatively large size of the stream network upstream (3.5km) and because they contained habitat rated as moderate value by @vastFishPassage2013. The habitat confirmation was completed on r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(date) %>% format(., format = "%B %d, %Y"). A map of the watershed including areas surveyed is provided in Attachment 1 – Map r my_bcfishpass() %>% pull(map_tile_display_name).


Stream Characteristics at Crossing {-}

At the time of the survey, both culverts were un-embedded, non-backwatered and considered barriers to upstream fish passage. PSCIS crossing r as.character(my_site) was r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(diameter_or_span_meters)m in diameter with a pipe length of r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(length_or_width_meters)m, a culvert slope of r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(culvert_slope_percent)%, a stream width ratio of r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(stream_width_ratio) and an outlet drop of r my_pscis_info() %>% pull(outlet_drop_meters)m (Table \@ref(tab:tab-culvert-62425)). PSCIS crossing r as.character(my_site2) was r my_pscis_info(site = my_site2) %>% pull(diameter_or_span_meters)m in diameter with a pipe length of r my_pscis_info(site = my_site2) %>% pull(length_or_width_meters)m, a culvert slope of r my_pscis_info(site = my_site2) %>% pull(culvert_slope_percent)%, a stream width ratio of r my_pscis_info(site = my_site2) %>% pull(stream_width_ratio) and an outlet drop of r my_pscis_info(site = my_site2) %>% pull(outlet_drop_meters)m (Table \@ref(tab:tab-culvert-62426)). Water temperature was r my_habitat_info() %>% filter(rowname == 'temperature c') %>% pull(us)$^\circ$C, pH was r my_habitat_info() %>% filter(rowname == 'p h') %>% pull(us) and conductivity was r my_habitat_info() %>% filter(rowname == 'conductivity m s cm') %>% pull(us)uS/cm.


##this is useful to get some comments for the report
hab_site %>% filter(site == my_site & location == 'us') %>% pull(comments)
hab_site %>% filter(site == 62426 & location == 'us') %>% pull(comments)
my_priority <-  my_priority_info()

Stream Characteristics Downstream of r as.character(my_site) {-}

The stream was surveyed downstream from the culvert for r my_priority_info(loc = 'ds') %>% pull(survey_length_m)m to where the stream joins the flow entering the valley from the south. Overall, total cover amount was rated as r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'ds') %>% filter(rowname == 'total cover') %>% pull(v) with r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'ds') %>% filter(v == 'dominant') %>% pull(rowname) dominant. Cover was also present as r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'ds') %>% filter(v == 'sub-dominant') %>% pull(rowname) %>% knitr::combine_words() (Table \@ref(tab:tab-habitat-summary-62425), Figure \@ref(fig:photo-62425-01)). The average channel width was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'ds', row = 'avg channel width m')m, the average wetted width was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'ds', row = 'avg wetted width m')m and the average gradient was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'ds', row = 'average gradient percent')%. The dominant substrate was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'ds', row = "bed material dominant") with r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'ds', row = "bed material subdominant") subdominant. Downstream of the crossing there were frequent sections of gravels suitable for salmonid spawning and no barriers or obstacles to fish passage. Habitat was rated as r my_priority_info(loc = 'ds') %>% pull(hab_value) value for fry/juvenile salmonid rearing.


Stream Characteristics Upstream of r as.character(my_site) and Downstream of r as.character(my_site2){-}

The stream was surveyed upstream from r as.character(my_site) for r my_priority_info(loc = 'us') %>% pull(survey_length_m)m to r as.character(my_site2). Overall, total cover amount was rated as r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'us') %>% filter(rowname == 'total cover') %>% pull(v) with r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'us') %>% filter(v == 'dominant') %>% pull(rowname) dominant. Cover was also present as r my_habitat_info2(loc = 'us') %>% filter(v == 'sub-dominant') %>% pull(rowname) %>% knitr::combine_words() (Table \@ref(tab:tab-habitat-summary-62425), Figure \@ref(fig:photo-62425-02)). The average channel width was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'us', row = 'avg channel width m')m, the average wetted width was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'us', row = 'avg wetted width m')m and the average gradient was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'us', row = 'average gradient percent')%. There were abundant gravels suitable for resident westslope cutthrout trout spawning throughout (Figure \@ref(fig:photo-62425-03)). Some debris jam steps to 0.8m in height were observed and there were approximately 15 westslope cutthrout trout (approximately 170mm long) in the outlet pool for crossing r as.character(my_site2). Habitat value was rated as r my_priority_info(loc = 'us') %>% pull(hab_value) for fry/juvenile salmonid rearing.


Stream Characteristics Upstream of r as.character(my_site2){-}

The stream was surveyed upstream from r as.character(my_site2) for r my_priority_info(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us') %>% pull(survey_length_m)m. Overall, total cover amount was rated as r my_habitat_info2(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us') %>% filter(rowname == 'total cover') %>% pull(v) with r my_habitat_info2(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us') %>% filter(v == 'dominant') %>% pull(rowname) dominant. Cover was also present as r my_habitat_info2(sit = my_site2,, loc = 'us') %>% filter(v == 'sub-dominant') %>% pull(rowname) %>% knitr::combine_words() (Table \@ref(tab:tab-habitat-summary-62425), Figure \@ref(fig:photo-62425-02)). The average channel width was r my_habitat_info3(loc = 'us', row = 'avg channel width m')m, the average wetted width was r my_habitat_info3(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us', row = 'avg wetted width m')m and the average gradient was r my_habitat_info3(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us', row = 'average gradient percent')%. This stream channel showed evidence of recent disturbance with eroding banks, multiple channels and aggraded sections throughout. Steps (0.6 - 0.9m in height) due to large woody debris debris jams were frequent throughout surveyed area and at a point approximately 200 m upstream of the road-stream crossing to the top end of the area surveyed, cover was limited to sporadic pools up to 0.3m deep. As mentioned previously, the historic channel was abandoned at 175m upstream of r as.character(my_site2) (UTM: 11 U 661748 5524558, Figure \@ref(fig:photo-62425-03)) with no flow observed within its banks. One of the tributaries that enters Grave Creek approximately 250m upstream of r as.character(my_site2) was accessed off of an adjacent spur road with a rapid assessment conducted 250m upstream from the confluence with Grave Creek (UTM: 11U 662083 5524708). The average channel width at this location was 1.9m and the average gradient was 9%. Immediately upstream, the gradient in this tributary was 20% representing grades not likely passable for westslope cutthroat trout migrating upstream. Overall, habitat value upstream of r as.character(my_site2) within the mainstem of Grave Creek was rated as r my_priority_info(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us') %>% pull(hab_value) with moderate rearing potential for fry/juvenile westslope cutthrout trout.


Structure Remediation and Cost Estimate {-}

Replacing PSCIS crossings r as.character(my_site) and 62426 with bridges is recommended to provide access to the habitat located upstream. The costs are estimated at \$r format(my_cost_estimate() %>% pull(cost_est_1000s) * 1000, big.mark = ',') and \$r format(my_cost_estimate(site = 62426) %>% pull(cost_est_1000s) * 1000, big.mark = ',') respectively for a combined cost benefit of r as.character(my_cost_estimate() %>% pull(cost_net) + my_cost_estimate(site = 62426) %>% pull(cost_net)) linear m/\$1000 and r as.character(my_cost_estimate() %>% pull(cost_area_net) + my_cost_estimate(site = 62426) %>% pull(cost_area_net))m^2^/\$1000.


Conclusion {-}

There is r my_priority_info() %>% pull(upstream_habitat_length_km)km of habitat upstream of crossing r as.character(my_site) with habitat in areas surveyed rated as r my_priority_info(loc = 'us') %>% pull(hab_value) value for fry and juvenile salmonid rearing and another r my_priority_info(sit = my_site2) %>% pull(upstream_habitat_length_km)km upstream of r as.character(my_site2) rated as r my_priority_info(sit = my_site2, loc = 'us') %>% pull(hab_value) value. Although mapped only within the digital road atlas, it is suspected that the road on which both culverts are located is a forest tenure road (Canfor Forest Products Ltd. permit) as it is located immediately adjacent to another forest tenure road under permit to Canfor and within an area utilized for forestry. The crossings were ranked as r my_priority_info() %>% pull(priority) priorities for proceeding to design for replacement.


##had to pull this object out of the table push for some reason
print_tab_summary()


\pagebreak

print_tab_summary(site = my_site2, site_photo_id = my_site2)


tab_hab_summary %>% 
  filter(Site  == my_site | Site  == my_site2) %>% 
  # select(-Site) %>% 
  my_kable(caption_text = paste0('Summary of habitat details for PSCIS crossings ', my_site, ' and ', my_site2, '.'))


my_photo = 'IMG_3202_k_d01_.JPG'

my_caption = paste0('Typical habitat downstream of PSCIS crossing ', my_site, '.')

grid::grid.raster(get_img())

# knitr::include_graphics(get_img_path())


my_photo = 'IMG_3197_k_d01.JPG'

my_caption = paste0('Typical habitat upstream of PSCIS crossing ', my_site, ' and downstream of PSCIS crossing 62426.')

grid::grid.raster(get_img(site = my_site2))
# knitr::include_graphics(get_img_path())


my_photo = 'IMG_3181_k_u_split_.JPG'

my_caption = paste0('Grave Creek redirection out of historic channel located upstream of PSCIS crossing 62426.')

grid::grid.raster(get_img(site = my_site2))
# knitr::include_graphics(get_img_path())


NewGraphEnvironment/fish_passage_elk_2020_reporting documentation built on Jan. 20, 2024, 12:01 a.m.