knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, results = 'asis')

Gene und Genotypen

rmddochelper::insertOdgAsPdf(psOdgFileStem = "PhenotypeGenotypSchema", psOdgDir = "../zl_hs_2016_w2_course_notes_rep_qg/odg")

Frequenzen

\begin{eqnarray} f(G_1) &=& f(G_1G_1) + 1/2 f(G_1G_2) = 0.4 + 0.15 = 0.55 \nonumber\ f(G_2) &=& f(G_2G_2) + 1/2 f(G_1G_2) = 0.3 + 0.15 = 0.45 \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

Begriffe

Genotypische Werte

rmddochelper::insertOdgAsPdf(psOdgFileStem = "GenotypischerWert", psOdgDir = "../zl_hs_2016_w2_course_notes_rep_qg/odg")

Zusammenfassung Genotypische Werte

\begin{center} {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.7} \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{|l|c|} \hline Genotyp & genotypischer Wert\ \hline $G_1G_1$ & $V_{11} = a$\ \hline $G_1G_2$ & $V_{12} = d$\ \hline $G_2G_2$ & $V_{22} = -a$\ \hline \end{tabular}} \end{center}

Populationsmittel als Erwartungswert

Zuchtwert - Definition

Der Zuchtwert eines bestimmten Tieres $i$ ist definiert als die doppelte Abweichung des erwarteten Mittelwertes der Nachkommen von Tier $i$ vom Populationsmittel.

Zuchtwert - Herleitung

\begin{center} {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.7} \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Vater} \ \hline & $f(G_1) = p$ & $f(G_2) = q$ \ \hline Mutter & & \ \hline $f(G_1) = 1$ & $f(G_1G_1) = p$ & $f(G_1G_2) = q$\ \hline \end{tabular}} \end{center}

Zuchtwert - Berechnung

\begin{eqnarray} ZW_{11} & = & 2*(\mu_{11} - \mu) \nonumber\ &=& 2\left(pa + qd - \left[(p - q)a + 2pqd \right] \right) \nonumber\ &=& 2\left(pa + qd - (p - q)a - 2pqd \right) \nonumber\ &=& 2\left(qd + qa - 2pqd\right) \nonumber \ &=& 2\left(qa + qd(1 - 2p)\right) \nonumber \ &=& 2q\left(a + d(1 - 2p)\right) \nonumber \ &=& 2q\left(a + (q-p)d\right) \nonumber \label{eq:ZWGen11} \end{eqnarray}

Zuchtwert - Zusammenfassung

\begin{center} {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.7} \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Genotyp & Zuchtwert\ \hline $G_1G_1$ & $2q\alpha$\ \hline $G_1G_2$ & $(q-p)\alpha$\ \hline $G_2G_2$ & $-2p\alpha$\ \hline \end{tabular}} \end{center}

wobei: $$\alpha = a + (q-p)d$$

Allelsubstitution

\begin{eqnarray} ZW_{12} - ZW_{22} & = & (q-p)\alpha - \left( -2p\alpha \right) \nonumber \ & = & (q-p)\alpha + 2p\alpha \nonumber \ & = & (q-p+2p)\alpha \nonumber \ & = & (q+p)\alpha \nonumber \ & = & \alpha \nonumber \label{eq:AdditiveBv1} \end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray}
ZW_{11} - ZW_{12} & = & 2q\alpha - (q-p)\alpha \nonumber \\
                  & = & \left(2q - (q-p)\right)\alpha \nonumber\\
                  & = & \alpha \nonumber

\label{eq:AdditiveBv2} \end{eqnarray}

Dominanzabweichung

\begin{eqnarray} V_{11} - ZW_{11} & = & a - 2q \alpha \nonumber \ & = & a - 2q \left[ a + (q-p)d \right] \nonumber \ & = & a - 2qa -2q(q-p)d \nonumber \ & = & a(1-2q) - 2q^2d + 2pqd \nonumber \ & = & \left[(p - q)a + 2pqd\right] - 2q^2d \nonumber \ & = & \mu + D_{11} \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray} V_{12} - ZW_{12} & = & d - (q-p)\alpha \nonumber \ & = & d - (q-p)\left[ a + (q-p)d \right] \nonumber \ & = & \left[(p-q)a + 2pqd\right] + 2pqd \nonumber \ & = & \mu + D_{12} \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

Dominanzabweichung II

\begin{eqnarray} V_{22} - ZW_{22} & = & -a - (-2p\alpha) \ & = & -a + 2p\left[ a + (q-p)d \right] \nonumber \ & = & \left[(p-q)a + 2pqd\right] - 2p^2d \nonumber \ & = & \mu + D_{22} \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

$\rightarrow$ Allgemeine Zerlegung

\begin{eqnarray} V_{ij} & = & \mu + ZW_{ij} + D_{ij} \nonumber \label{eq:ZerlegungGenoWert} \end{eqnarray}

Zusammenfassung

\begin{center} {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.7} \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline Genotyp & genotypischer Wert & Zuchtwert & Dominanzabweichung\ $G_iG_j$ & $V_{ij}$ & $ZW_{ij}$ & $D_{ij}$ \ \hline $G_1G_1$ & $a$ & $2q\alpha$ & $-2q^2d$ \ \hline $G_1G_2$ & $d$ & $(q-p)\alpha$ & $2pqd$ \ \hline $G_2G_2$ & $-a$ & $-2p\alpha$ & $-2p^2d$ \ \hline \end{tabular}} \end{center}

Varianz

\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_G^2 = Var\left[V\right] &=& (V_{11} - \mu)^2 * f(G_1G_1) \nonumber \ & & +\ (V_{12} - \mu)^2 * f(G_1G_2) \nonumber \ & & +\ (V_{22} - \mu)^2 * f(G_2G_2)\nonumber \end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_G^2 &=& (ZW_{11} + D_{11})^2 * p^2 \nonumber \ & & +\ (ZW_{12} + D_{12})^2 * 2pq \nonumber \ & & +\ (ZW_{22} + D_{22})^2 * q^2 \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

Varianz - Resultat

\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_G^2 &=& 2pq\alpha^2 + \left(2pqd \right)^2 \nonumber\ &=& \sigma_A^2 + \sigma_D^2 \nonumber \end{eqnarray}

wobei:

Erweiterung auf mehrere Genorte

\begin{eqnarray} g + \mu & = & V_{ij}^{(A)} + V_{kl}^{(B)} + I_{ijkl}^{(A) \cdot (B)} \nonumber\ & = & \mu^{(A)} + ZW_{ij}^{(A)} + D_{ij}^{(A)} + \mu^{(B)} + ZW_{kl}^{(B)} + D_{kl}^{(B)} + I_{ijkl}^{(A) \cdot (B)} \nonumber \label{eq:ZerlegungGenMitInteraktion}
\end{eqnarray}

Polygenes Modell

\begin{eqnarray} g & = & a + d + i \nonumber \label{eq:ZerlegungInfinitModel}
\end{eqnarray}

Phänotypische Beobachtung

\begin{eqnarray} y &=& \mu + g + e \nonumber \label{eq:ModPhenModel} \end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray} Var\left[y \right] &=& \sigma_p^2\ =\ \sigma_g^2 + \sigma_e^2 + 2Cov\left[g,e \right] \nonumber \label{eq:VarPhen} \end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray} Var\left[y \right] &=& \sigma_p^2\ =\ \sigma_g^2 + \sigma_e^2 \nonumber \label{eq:VarPhen} \end{eqnarray}



charlotte-ngs/ZLHS2016 documentation built on May 13, 2019, 3:33 p.m.