if ( ! exists(".show_answers")) .show_answers <- TRUE
Using your general knowledge about the world, think about the relationship between these variables:
```{marginfigure echo = .show_answers} MODEL 1 ANSWER: Imagine that positive steepness means uphill, and negative steepness is downhill. As the hill gets steeper uphill, bicycle speed gets slower. So this model would be a line that slopes negatively.
MODEL 2 ANSWER: Increased fitness leads to higher speed, so the line of speed against fittness will slope upwards.
MODEL 3 ANSWER: Speed will go down with greater steepness (uphill) and speed will go up with greater fitness.
MODEL 4 ANSWER: Compared to Model 3, what's new here is the interaction term between steepness and fitness. Presumably, more fit people don't slow down as much when they encounter a hill, so the interaction should reduce the effect of steepness. ```
speed
of a bicyclist.steepness
of the road, a quantitative variable measured by the grade (rise over run). 0 means flat, + means uphill, $-$ means downhill.fitness
of the rider, a categorical variable with three levels: "unfit"
, "average"
, "athletic"
.On a piece of paper, sketch out a graph of speed versus steepness for reasonable models of each of these forms:
speed
~ 1 + steepness
speed
~ 1 + fitness
speed
~ 1 + steepness
+fitness
speed
~ 1 + steepness
+fitness
+ steepness
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