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Robert Macarthur和E.O. Wilson 在1964年提出了岛屿生物地理学理论"Equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography",用于量化和预测岛屿系统的生物多样性。理论的基础在于, 岛屿上决定生物多样性的两个过程 --物种的迁入(immigration)和灭绝(extinction)--是可预测的。岛屿离大陆越近,物种迁入率越高;岛屿面积越大,灭绝率越低。而两者的平衡决定了岛屿上物种多样性的高低。
1967年,Macarthur和Wilson在著作"The Theory of Island Biogeography"中扩展了这个理论。Daniel Simberloff 通过佛罗里达红树林岛屿的实验 论证了这个理论;这个理论在生物保育方面也非常重要。 更多关于岛屿生物地理学理论的影响,可详见这篇 2017年的综述.

岛屿上的灭绝率: $$E = e^{\frac{kS}{A}}-1$$ 大陆向岛屿的迁入率: $$I = e^{\left(-\frac{k}{D}*(S-M)\right)}-1$$ 动态平衡时,岛屿上的物种数量:
$$S_{eq} = \frac{AM}{D+A}$$

其中:

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(ecoevoapps)
library(patchwork)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, warning = FALSE)
sidebarLayout(
        sidebarPanel(
            sliderInput(inputId = "D1_cn",
                        label = HTML("D<sub>A</sub> (大陆到岛屿A的距离)"),
                        min = 1,
                        max = 8,
                        value = 1),
            sliderInput(inputId = "D2_cn",
                        label = HTML("D<sub>B</sub> (大陆到岛屿B的距离)"),
                        min = 1,
                        max = 8,
                        value = 4),            
            sliderInput(inputId = "A1_cn",
                        label = HTML("A<sub>A</sub> (岛屿A的面积)"),
                        min = .1,
                        max = 4,
                        value = 1),
            sliderInput(inputId = "A2_cn",
                        label = HTML("A<sub>B</sub> (岛屿B的面积)"),
                        min = .1,
                        max = 4,
                        value = .5),
            sliderInput(inputId = "M_cn",
                        label = "M (大陆上的物种数量)",
                        min = 1,
                        max = 100,
                        value = 100),
            width=4),
        mainPanel(
            renderPlot({plot_to_print_cn()}, width = 400, height = 600)
        )
)

Dvec_cn <- reactive({c(input$D1_cn, input$D2_cn)})
Avec_cn <- reactive({c(input$A1_cn, input$A2_cn)})
plots_cn <- reactive({
  ecoevoapps::run_ibiogeo_model(D = Dvec_cn(), A = Avec_cn(), M=input$M_cn, k=0.015)
})

map_cn <- reactive({plots_cn()$map})
eq_plot_cn <- reactive({plots_cn()$eq_plot})

plot_to_print_cn <- reactive({
  map_cn() / eq_plot_cn()
})

参考文献

"Equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography", Macarthur and Wilson 1964.

"The Theory of Island Biogeography", Macarthur and Wilson 1967.

"Experimental Zoogeography of Islands: The Colonization of Empty Islands", Simberloff and Wilson 1969.

"Island biogeography: Taking the long view of nature’s laboratories", Whittaker et al. 2017.

"Island Biogeography and Conservation: Strategy and Limitations", Diamond et al. 1976.


suppressWarnings(ecoevoapps::print_app_footer(language = "ch"))


gauravsk/ecoevoapps-mirror documentation built on April 5, 2025, 1:59 a.m.