tau_u | R Documentation |
This function calculates indices of the Tau-U family as proposed by Parker et al. (2011a).
tau_u(
data,
dvar,
pvar,
method = c("complete", "parker", "tarlow"),
phases = c(1, 2),
meta_analyses = TRUE,
ci = 0.95,
ci_method = c("z", "tau", "s"),
meta_weight_method = c("z", "tau"),
tau_method = c("b", "a"),
continuity_correction = FALSE
)
## S3 method for class 'sc_tauu'
print(
x,
complete = FALSE,
digits = "auto",
select = c("Tau", "CI lower", "CI upper", "SD_S", "Z", "p"),
nice_p = TRUE,
...
)
## S3 method for class 'sc_tauu'
export(
object,
caption = NA,
footnote = NA,
filename = NA,
select = "auto",
kable_styling_options = list(),
kable_options = list(),
meta = FALSE,
round = 3,
decimals = 3,
...
)
data |
A single-case data frame. See |
dvar |
Character string with the name of the dependent variable. Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file. |
pvar |
Character string with the name of the phase variable. Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file. |
method |
|
phases |
A vector of two characters or numbers indicating the two phases
that should be compared. E.g., |
meta_analyses |
If TRUE, a meta analysis is conducted. |
ci |
Confidence intervals |
ci_method |
String to specify the method for calculating the standard error of tau. Either "tau", "z", or "s" (not recommended). |
meta_weight_method |
String to specify the method for calculating the weights of the studies. Either "tau" or "z". |
tau_method |
Character with values "a" or "b" (default) indicating whether Kendall Tau A or Kendall Tau B is applied. Ignored for methods 'tarlow' and 'parker'. |
continuity_correction |
If TRUE, a continuity correction is applied for calculating p-values of correlations (here: S will be reduced by one before calculating Z). Ignored for methods 'tarlow' and 'parker'. |
x |
Object returned from |
complete |
Print all parameters. |
digits |
The minimum number of significant digits to be use. If set to "auto" (default), values are predefined. |
select |
Character vector with name of variables to be included. When the vector is named, variables are renamed appropriately. |
nice_p |
If TRUE, p-values are printed in publication friendly form. |
... |
Further arguments passed to the function. |
object |
An scdf or an object exported from a scan function. |
caption |
Character string with table caption. If left NA (default) a caption will be created based on the exported object. |
footnote |
Character string with table footnote. If left NA (default) a footnote will be created based on the exported object. |
filename |
String containing the file name. If a filename is given the output will be written to that file. |
kable_styling_options |
list with arguments passed to the kable_styling function. |
kable_options |
list with arguments passed to the kable function. |
meta |
If TRUE, the results of the meta analysis will be exported. If FALSE, each single-case is exported. |
round |
Integer passed to the digits argument internally used to round values. |
decimals |
Decimal places that are reported. |
Tau-U is an inconsistently operationalized construct. Parker et al. (2011b) describe a method which may result in Tau-U outside the [-1;1] interval. A different implementation of the method (provided at http://www.singlecaseresearch.org/calculators/tau-u) uses tau-b (instead of tau-a as in the original formulation by Parker). Bossart et. al (2018) describe inconsistencies in the results from this implementation as well. Another problems lies in the calculation in overall Tau-U values from several single cases. The function presented here applies a meta-analysis to gain the overall values. Each tau value is weighted by the inverse of the variance (ie. the tau standard error). The confidence intervals for single cases are calculated by Fisher-Z transforming tau, calculating the confidence intervals, and inverse transform them back to tau (see Long & Cliff, 1997).
table |
A data frame containing statistics from the Tau-U family, including: Pairs, positive and negative comparisons, S, and Tau |
matrix |
The matrix of comparisons used for calculating the statistics. |
tau_u |
Tau-U value. |
print(sc_tauu)
: Print results
export(sc_tauu)
: Export results as html table
Juergen Wilbert
Brossart, D. F., Laird, V. C., & Armstrong, T. W. (2018). Interpreting Kendall’s Tau and Tau-U for single-case experimental designs. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1518687.
Long, J. D., & Cliff, N. (1997). Confidence intervals for Kendall’s tau. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 50(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1997.tb01100.x
Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., & Davis, J. L. (2011a). Effect Size in Single-Case Research: A Review of Nine Nonoverlap Techniques. Behavior Modification, 35(4), 303–322. https://doi.org/10/dsdfs4
Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., Davis, J. L., & Sauber, S. B. (2011b). Combining Nonoverlap and Trend for Single-Case Research: Tau-U. Behavior Therapy, 42(2), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.006
Tarlow, K. R. (2017, March). Tau-U for single-case research (R code). Retrieved from http://ktarlow.com/stats/
Other overlap functions:
cdc()
,
ird()
,
nap()
,
overlap()
,
pand()
,
pem()
,
pet()
,
pnd()
tau_u(Grosche2011$Eva)
## Replicate tau-U calculation from Parker et al. (2011)
bob <- scdf(c(A = 2, 3, 5, 3, B = 4, 5, 5, 7, 6), name = "Bob")
res <- tau_u(bob, method = "parker", tau_method = "a")
print(res, complete = TRUE)
## Request tau-U for all single-cases from the Grosche2011 data set
tau_u(Grosche2011)
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