| grad | R Documentation | 
Calculate the Gradiant of Jaeckel's Dispersion Function
grad(x, y, beta, scores)
x | 
 n by p design matrix  | 
y | 
 n by 1 response vector  | 
beta | 
 p by 1 vector of regression coefficients  | 
scores | 
 an object of class scores  | 
The gradiant evaluated at beta.
John Kloke
Hettmansperger, T.P. and McKean J.W. (2011), Robust Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 2nd ed., New York: Chapman-Hall.
Jaeckel, L. A. (1972). Estimating regression coefficients by minimizing the dispersion of residuals. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 43, 1449 - 1458.
Jureckova, J. (1971). Nonparametric estimate of regression coefficients. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 42, 1328 - 1338.
disp
## The function is currently defined as
function (x, y, beta, scores) 
{
    x <- as.matrix(x)
    e <- y - x %*% beta
    r <- rank(e, ties.method = "first")/(length(e) + 1)
    -t(x) %*% scores@phi(r)
  }
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