Author contributions:

RK and MAS conceived the research and drafted the proposal in consultation with MJS, YL, AO, RC, GH, PBR, and HMK, who provided critical feedback on the research proposal.

Funding Statement:

The proposal was partially funded through the National Institutes of Health grants K23 HL153775 and R01 LM006910 and an Intergovernmental Personnel Act agreement with the US Department of Veterans Affairs.
The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the proposal; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Competing interest statement

This study is undertaken within Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), an open collaboration. RK is a founder of Evidence2Health, and receives grant funding from the US National Institutes of Health. MJS and PBR are employees of Janssen Research and Development and shareholders in John & Johnson. GH receives grant funding from the US National Institutes of Health and the US Food & Drug Administration and contracts from Janssen Research and Development. HMK receives grants from the US Food & Drug Administration, Medtronics and Janssen Research and Development, is co-founder of HugoHealth and chairs the Cardiac Scientific Advisory Board for UnitedHealth. MAS receives grant funding from the US National Institutes of Health, the US Department of Veterans Affairs and the US Food & Drug Administration and contracts from Janssen Research and Development and IQVIA.



ohdsi-studies/LegendT2dm documentation built on July 4, 2025, 8:25 p.m.