knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>", fig.path = "man/figures/README-", out.width = "100%" )
The bowl18
R package implements Bowling et al.'s (2018)
vocal similarity algorithms.
Within R, you can install the current version of bowl18
from Github as follows:
if (!require(devtools)) install.packages("devtools") devtools::install_github("bowl18")
Bowling et al. (2018) formalise two aspects of a musical chord's 'vocal similarity':
a) Its similarity to the harmonic series,
assessed with the gill09_harmonicity()
function;
b) The absence of small frequency intervals,
assessed with the bowl18_min_freq_dist()
function.
gill09_harmonicity()
measures a chord's similarity to a harmonic series,
after Gill & Purves (2009).
It assumes that chord pitches are precisely
aligned with the just-tuned scale provided by Bowling et al. (2018).
By default, gill09_harmonicity
assumes that the input
is a vector of MIDI pitch numbers.
We recommend using the hrep
package to clarify this input format, as follows:
library(bowl18) library(hrep) # Constructing chords with pi_chord() pi_chord(c(60, 64, 67)) # C major chord # Major chord gill09_harmonicity(pi_chord(c(60, 64, 67))) # Diminished chord gill09_harmonicity(pi_chord(c(60, 63, 66))) # Augmented chord gill09_harmonicity(pi_chord(c(60, 64, 68)))
bowl18_min_freq_dist()
returns the minimum frequency distance between
the fundamental frequencies of a chord.
It makes no assumptions about the chord's tuning.
By default, bowl18_min_freq_dist()
assumes that the input
is a vector of frequencies.
We recommend using the hrep
package to clarify this input format, as follows:
library(bowl18) library(hrep) # Constructing chords with pi_chord() and fr_chord() x <- pi_chord(c(60, 64, 67)) # C major chord fr_chord(x) # Major chord bowl18_min_freq_dist(fr_chord(pi_chord(c(60, 64, 67)))) # Cluster chord bowl18_min_freq_dist(fr_chord(pi_chord(c(60, 61, 62))))
Bowling et al. (2018) argue that, in particular, frequency differences smaller than 50 Hz contribute negatively to consonance.
Bowling, D. L., Purves, D., & Gill, K. Z. (2018). Vocal similarity predicts the relative attraction of musical chords. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(1), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713206115
Gill, K. Z., & Purves, D. (2009). A biological rationale for musical scales. PLoS ONE, 4(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008144
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