Description Usage Arguments Details Value References Examples
Perform Bayesian instrumental variable analysis for binary data. This assumes the
number of covariates is small enough. Notice that a set of size greater than
20 will raise a flag and require explicit permission from the user by setting
force_use
to TRUE
.
1 2 |
problem |
a |
w |
index of instrumental variable within the data. |
Z |
array of indices for covariate adjustment. |
prior_table |
Dirichlet hyperparameter for contingency tables. |
M |
number of Monte Carlo samples to compute posterior distributions. |
verbose |
print relevant messages. |
reject_level |
if first iteration of rejection sampling has a proportion of rejected samples larger than this, reject the model and return no bounds. |
force_use |
if TRUE, ignore any warnings about size of |
Given a joint distribution, this function finds a lower bound and an upper bound on the average causal effect of
treatment X on outcome Y, adjusting for covariate set Z. The joint distribution
is estimated by assigning a prior to joint contingency table of w
, Z
and the treatment/outcome pair indexed in problem
,
and ACE bounds are inferred by computing the posterior on the contingency table implied by the instrumental variable assumption.
The prior is proportional to a Dirichlet distribution with an effective sample size prior_table
. It assigns probability
zero to models which do not satisfy the constraints of the (conditional)
instrumental variable, as described by Balke and Pearl (1997, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 92,
1171–1176). Hence, the prior is not an exact Dirichlet distribution, but only proportional to one.
Posterior samples for the lower and upper bound are generated by rejection sampling using the unconstrained model as
a proposal. If the model is a bad fit to the data, this might take much computing time. Setting reject_level
to a level smaller than 1 may stop the rejection sampler earlier and reject the model, returning no bounds.
A list containing two fields,
|
the point estimate of lower and upper bounds. |
|
samples from the posterior distribution over bounds. |
http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r199-jasa.pdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | ## Generate synthetic problems until a (conditional) instrumental variable can be found
while (TRUE) {
problem <- simulateWitnessModel(p = 4, q = 4, par_max = 3, M = 1000)
s <- covsearch(problem, pop_solve = TRUE)
if (length(s$witness) > 0) {
w <- s$witness[1]
Z <- s$Z[[1]]
break
}
}
## Calculate true effect for evaluation purposes
sol_pop <- covsearch(problem, pop_solve = TRUE)
effect_pop <- synthesizeCausalEffect(problem)
cat(sprintf("ACE (true) = %1.2f\n", effect_pop$effect_real))
## Binary IV bounds
sol_iv <- iv(problem, w, Z, prior_table = 10, M = 1000)
summary(sol_iv)
|
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