knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>", fig.path = "docs/reference/figures/README-" )
SDMtune provides a user-friendly framework that enables the training and the evaluation of species distribution models (SDMs). The package implements functions for data driven variable selection and model tuning and includes numerous utilities to display the results. All the functions used to select variables or to tune model hyperparameters have an interactive real-time chart displayed in the RStudio viewer pane during their execution. Visit the package website and learn how to use SDMtune starting from the first article Prepare data for the analysis.
You can install the latest release version from CRAN:
install.packages("SDMtune")
Or the development version from GitHub:
devtools::install_github("ConsBiol-unibern/SDMtune")
SDMtune implements three functions for hyperparameters tuning:
gridSearch
: runs all the possible combinations of predefined hyperparameters' values;randomSearch
: randomly selects a fraction of the possible combinations of predefined hyperparameters' values;optimizeModel
: uses a genetic algorithm that aims to optimize the given evaluation metric by combining the predefined hyperparameters' values.When the amount of hyperparameters' combinations is high, the computation time necessary to train all the defined models could be very long. The function optimizeModel
offers a valid alternative that reduces computation time thanks to an implemented genetic algorithm. This function seeks the best combination of hyperparameters reaching a near optimal or optimal solution in a reduced amount of time compared to gridSearch
. The following code shows an example using a simulated dataset. First a model is trained using the Maxnet algorithm implemented in the maxnet
package with default hyperparameters' values. After the model is trained, both the gridSearch
and optimizeModel
functions are executed to compare the execution time and model performance evaluated with the AUC metric. If the following code is not clear, please check the articles in the website.
library(SDMtune) # Acquire environmental variables files <- list.files(path = file.path(system.file(package = "dismo"), "ex"), pattern = "grd", full.names = TRUE) predictors <- terra::rast(files) # Prepare presence and background locations p_coords <- virtualSp$presence bg_coords <- virtualSp$background # Create SWD object data <- prepareSWD(species = "Virtual species", p = p_coords, a = bg_coords, env = predictors, categorical = "biome") # Split presence locations in training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets datasets <- trainValTest(data, test = 0.2, only_presence = TRUE, seed = 25) train <- datasets[[1]] test <- datasets[[2]] # Train a Maxnet model model <- train(method = "Maxnet", data = train) # Define the hyperparameters to test h <- list(reg = seq(0.1, 3, 0.1), fc = c("lq", "lh", "lqp", "lqph", "lqpht")) # Test all the possible combinations with gridSearch gs <- gridSearch(model, hypers = h, metric = "auc", test = test) head(gs@results[order(-gs@results$test_AUC), ]) # Best combinations # Use the genetic algorithm instead with optimizeModel om <- optimizeModel(model, hypers = h, metric = "auc", test = test, seed = 4) head(om@results) # Best combinations
During the execution of "tuning" and "variable selection" functions, real-time charts displaying training and validation metrics are displayed in the RStudio viewer pane (below is a screencast of the previous executed optimizeModel
function).
In the following example we train a Maxent model:
# Train a Maxent model sdmtune_model <- train(method = "Maxent", data = data)
We compare the execution time of the predict
function between SDMtune that uses its own algorithm and dismo [@Hijmans2017] that calls the MaxEnt Java software [@Phillips2006]. We first convert the object sdmtune_model
in a object that is accepted by dismo:
maxent_model <- SDMmodel2MaxEnt(sdmtune_model)
Next is a function used below to test if the results are equal, with a tolerance of 1e-7
:
my_check <- function(values) { return(all.equal(values[[1]], values[[2]], tolerance = 1e-7)) }
Now we test the execution time using the microbenckmark package:
bench <- microbenchmark::microbenchmark( SDMtune = predict(sdmtune_model, data = data, type = "cloglog"), dismo = predict(maxent_model, data@data), check = my_check )
and plot the output:
library(ggplot2) ggplot(bench, aes(x = expr, y = time/1000000, fill = expr)) + geom_boxplot() + labs(fill = "", x = "Package", y = "time (milliseconds)") + theme_minimal()
To train a Maxent model using the Java implementation you need that:
You can check the version of MaxEnt used by dismo
with the following command:
dismo::maxent()
The MaxEnt jar
file used by dismo
is located in the folder returned by the following command:
system.file(package="dismo")
In case you want to upgrade to a newer version of MaxEnt (if available), download the file maxent.jar here and replace the file already present in the previous folder.
The function checkMaxentInstallation
checks that Java JDK and rJava are installed, and that the file maxent.jar is in the correct folder.
checkMaxentInstallation()
If everything is correctly configured for dismo
, the command dismo::maxent()
will return the new MaxEnt version.
Please note that this project follows a Contributor Code of Conduct. By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.
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