rr_rd_mantel_haenszel: Risk Ratios and Risk Differences from Mantel-Haenszel...

In stopsack/risks: Estimate Risk Ratios and Risk Differences using Regression

Risk Ratios and Risk Differences from Mantel-Haenszel Estimators

Description

This function implements the Mantel-Haenszel estimators for risk ratio and risk differences for a binary or categorical exposure and one or more categorical confounder(s). Compare to estimates from regression models.

Usage

rr_rd_mantel_haenszel(
  data,
  exposure,
  outcome,
  confounders,
  estimand = c("rr", "rd"),
  conf.level = 0.95
)

Arguments

data	Data set.
exposure	Exposure variable. Must be binary or categorical. The first level is treated as unexposed.
outcome	Outcome variable. Must be binary.
confounders	Optional. Binary or categorical variable(s) to perform stratification over. Supply more than one variable using confounders = c(var1, var2).
estimand	Optional. "rr" for risk ratio; "rd" for risk difference. Defaults to "rr".
conf.level	Optional. Confidence level. Defaults to 0.95.

Value

Tibble in tidy format with

• term the (non-reference) exposure levels

• estimate Risk ratio (on log scale) or risk difference

• std.error, conf.low, and conf.high Square-root of M-H variance estimate, and the corresponding confidence limits (on log scale for RR)

• model always "mh"

• estimand "rr" or "rd"

References

Greenland S, Rothman KJ. Introduction to Stratified Analysis. In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA 2008. Page 275. Risk ratios: formulae 15-18, -20, -22. Risk differences: formulae 15-18, -19, -21.

Examples

# Newman SC. Biostatistical methods in epidemiology. New York, NY:
# Wiley, 2001, table 5.3

library(tibble)  # used to set up example data
dat <- tibble(
  death    = c(rep(1, 54), rep(0, 138)),
  stage    = c(rep("Stage I", 7),  rep("Stage II", 26), rep("Stage III", 21),
               rep("Stage I", 60), rep("Stage II", 70), rep("Stage III", 8)),
  receptor = c(rep("Low", 2),  rep("High", 5),  rep("Low", 9),  rep("High", 17),
               rep("Low", 12), rep("High", 9),  rep("Low", 10), rep("High", 50),
               rep("Low", 13), rep("High", 57), rep("Low", 2),  rep("High", 6)))

# Risk difference
rr_rd_mantel_haenszel(
  data = dat,
  exposure = stage,
  outcome = death,
  confounders = receptor,
  estimand = "rd")

# Risk ratio, log scale:
result <- rr_rd_mantel_haenszel(
  data = dat,
  exposure = stage,
  outcome = death,
  confounders = receptor,
  estimand = "rr")
result

# Risk ratio, exponentiated:
result %>%
  dplyr::mutate(dplyr::across(.cols = c(estimate, conf.low, conf.high),
                              .fns = exp))

stopsack/risks documentation built on April 5, 2025, 6:02 p.m.