plot_popkin: Visualize one or more kinship matrices and other related...

In popkin: Estimate Kinship and FST under Arbitrary Population Structure

Visualize one or more kinship matrices and other related objects

Description

This function plots one or more kinship matrices, trees (class phylo objects, see ape package), and arbitrary functions, and a shared legend for the kinship color key. Many options allow for fine control of individual or subpopulation labeling.

Usage

plot_popkin(
  kinship,
  titles = NULL,
  col = NULL,
  col_n = 100,
  mar = NULL,
  mar_pad = 0.2,
  oma = 1.5,
  diag_line = FALSE,
  panel_letters = toupper(letters),
  panel_letters_cex = 1.5,
  panel_letters_adj = -0.1,
  ylab = "Individuals",
  ylab_adj = NA,
  ylab_line = 0,
  ylab_side = 2,
  ylab_per_panel = FALSE,
  layout_add = TRUE,
  layout_rows = 1,
  leg_per_panel = FALSE,
  leg_title = "Kinship",
  leg_cex = 1,
  leg_n = 5,
  leg_mar = 3,
  leg_width = 0.3,
  leg_column = NA,
  names = FALSE,
  names_cex = 1,
  names_line = NA,
  names_las = 2,
  labs = NULL,
  labs_cex = 1,
  labs_las = 0,
  labs_line = 0,
  labs_sep = TRUE,
  labs_lwd = 1,
  labs_col = "black",
  labs_ticks = FALSE,
  labs_text = TRUE,
  labs_even = FALSE,
  null_panel_data = FALSE,
  weights = NULL,
  raster = is.null(weights),
  sym = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

kinship	A numeric kinship matrix, a phylo or function object, or a list of any such objects (at least one kinship matrix is expected). This list may contain NULL elements (makes blank panels with titles; good for placeholders or non-existent data) phylo objects are plotted with plot_phylo(), which is a wrapper around ape::plot.phylo() that makes some adjustments so resulting plots are more consistent with accompanying kinship matrices. function elements are executed without arguments, and are expected to produce single arbitrary plot panels.
titles	Titles to add to each matrix panel (default is no titles). Applied to kinship and phylo panels only.
col	Colors for kinship heatmap (default is a red-white-blue palette symmetric about zero constructed using RColorBrewer).
col_n	The number of colors to use in the heatmap (applies if col = NULL).
mar	Margins shared by all panels (if a vector) or for each panel (if a list of such vectors). If the vector has length 1, mar corresponds to the shared lower and left margins, while the top and right margins are set to zero. If this length is 2, mar[1] is the same as above, while mar[2] is the top margin. If this length is 4, then mar is a fully-specified margin vector in the standard format c(bottom, left, top, right) that graphics::par() 'mar' expects. Vectors of invalid lengths produce a warning. Note the padding mar_pad below is added to every margin if set. If NULL, the original margin values are used without change, and are reset for every panel that has a NULL value. The original margins are also reset after plotting is complete. Applied to panels of all types (kinship, phylo, and function).
mar_pad	Margin padding added to all panels (mar above and leg_mar below). Default 0.2. Must be a scalar or a vector of length 4 to match graphics::par() 'mar'. Applied to panels of all types (kinship, phylo, and function).
oma	Outer margin vector. If length 1, the value of oma is applied to the left outer margin only (so ylab below displays correctly) and zero outer margins elsewhere. If length 4, all outer margins are expected in standard format graphics::par() 'mar' expects (see mar above). mar_pad above is never added to outer margins. If NULL, no outer margins are set (previous settings are preserved). Vectors of invalid lengths produce a warning. Note: if layout_add = FALSE, this function still (re)sets the outer margins if oma is not NULL, which can be convenient if plot_popkin generates the first few panels, but otherwise a partial multipanel figure will be reset unless oma = NULL is also set!
diag_line	If TRUE adds a line along the kinship diagonal (default no line). May also be a vector of logicals to set per panel (lengths must agree). Has no effect on non-kinship panels.
panel_letters	Vector of strings for labeling panels (default A-Z). No labels are added if NULL, or when there is only one panel except if its set to a single letter in that case (this behavior is useful if goal is to have multiple external panels but popkin only creates one of these panels). Applied to panels of all types (kinship, phylo, and function).
panel_letters_cex	Scaling factor of panel letters (default 1.5).
panel_letters_adj	X-axis adjustment for panel letters (default -0.1). Negative values place the letter into the left margin area. Might need adjustment depending on the size of the left margin.
ylab	The y-axis label (default "Individuals"). If length(ylab) == 1, the label is placed in the outer margin (shared across panels); otherwise length(ylab) must equal the number of panels and each label is placed in the inner margin of the respective panel. Applied to panels of all types (kinship, phylo, and function).
ylab_adj	The value of adj for ylab passed to graphics::mtext(). If length(ylab) == 1, only the first value is used, otherwise length(ylab_adj) must equal the number of panels.
ylab_line	The value of line for ylab passed to graphics::mtext(). If length(ylab) == 1, only the first value is used, otherwise length(ylab_line) must equal the number of panels.
ylab_side	The value of side for ylab passed to graphics::mtext() (2 is y-axis, 1 is x-axis, can also place on top (3) or right (4)). If length(ylab) == 1, only the first value is used, otherwise length(ylab_side) must equal the number of panels.
ylab_per_panel	Forces y-axis labels to appear for each panel, in the inner margins. Most useful to cover the case where there is a single panel but no outer margins (oma = NULL). LAYOUT OPTIONS
layout_add	If TRUE (default) then graphics::layout() is called internally with appropriate values for the required number of panels for each matrix, the desired number of rows (see layout_rows below) plus the color key legend. The original layout is reset when plotting is complete if layout_add = TRUE. If a non-standard layout or additional panels (beyond those provided by plot_popkin) are desired, set to FALSE and call graphics::layout() yourself beforehand; in this case you may want to set oma = NULL (above) as well!
layout_rows	Number of rows in layout, used only if layout_add = TRUE. LEGEND (COLOR KEY) OPTIONS
leg_per_panel	If TRUE, every kinship matrix get its own legend/color key (best for matrices with very different scales), and each phylo tree has its own x-axis range. If FALSE (default), a single legend/color key is shared by all kinship matrix panels, and also every tree has the same x-axis range (different from the kinship range).
leg_title	The name of the variable that the kinship heatmap colors measure (default "Kinship"), or a vector of such values if they vary per panel.
leg_cex	Scaling factor for leg_title (default 1), or a vector of such values if they vary per panel.
leg_n	The desired number of ticks in the kinship legend y-axis, and phylo x-axis (input to pretty(), see that for more details), or a vector of such values if they vary per panel.
leg_mar	Margin values for the kinship legend panel only, or a list of such values if they vary per panel. A length-4 vector (in c( bottom, left, top, right ) format that graphics::par() 'mar' expects) specifies the full margins, to which mar_pad is added. Otherwise, the margins used in the last panel are preserved with the exception that the left margin is set to mar_pad, and if leg_mar is length-1, it is added to mar_pad to specify the right margin.
leg_width	The width of the legend panel, relative to the width of a single main panel. This value is passed to graphics::layout() (ignored if layout_add = FALSE).
leg_column	The column number in which to place the kinship legend (default NA is for last column). Ignored if leg_per_panel = TRUE. INDIVIDUAL LABEL OPTIONS
names	If TRUE, the column and row names are plotted in the kinship heatmap, or a vector of such values if they vary per panel. (names has no effect on phylo panels, whose tip labels are always plotted, or other panel types.)
names_cex	Scaling factor for the column and row names of a kinship matrix, or the tip labels of a phylo object, or a vector of such values if they vary per panel.
names_line	Line where kinship column and row names are placed, or a vector of such values if they vary per panel. Has no effect on non-kinship panels.
names_las	Orientation of labels relative to axis. Default (2) makes labels perpendicular to axis. Has no effect on non-kinship panels. SUBPOPULATION LABEL OPTIONS
labs	Subpopulation labels for individuals in kinship matrices. Use a matrix of labels (individuals along rows, levels along columns) to show groupings at more than one level (for a hierarchy or otherwise). If input is a vector or a matrix, the same subpopulation labels are shown for every kinship matrix; the input must be a list of such vectors or matrices if the labels vary per panel. Has no effect on non-kinship panels.
labs_cex	A vector of label scaling factors for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_las	A vector of label orientations (in format that graphics::mtext() expects) for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_line	A vector of lines where labels are placed (in format that graphics::mtext() expects) for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_sep	A vector of logicals that specify whether lines separating the subpopulations are drawn for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_lwd	A vector of line widths for the lines that divide subpopulations (if labs_sep = TRUE) for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_col	A vector of colors for the lines that divide subpopulations (if labs_sep = TRUE) for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_ticks	A vector of logicals that specify whether ticks separating the subpopulations are drawn for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel.
labs_text	A vector of logicals that specify whether the subpopulation labels are shown for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel. Useful for including separating lines or ticks without text.
labs_even	A vector of logicals that specify whether the subpopulations labels are drawn with equal spacing for each level of labs, or a list of such vectors if labels vary per panel. When TRUE, lines mapping the equally-spaced labels to the unequally-spaced subsections of the heatmap are also drawn.
null_panel_data	If FALSE (default), panels with NULL kinship matrices must not have titles or other parameters set, and no panel letters are used in these cases. If TRUE, panels with NULL kinship matrices must have titles and other parameters set. In the latter case, these NULL panels also get panel letters. The difference is important when checking that lengths of non-singleton parameters agree.
weights	A vector with weights for every individual, or a list of such vectors if they vary per panel. The width of every individual in the kinship matrix becomes proportional to their weight. Individuals with zero or negative weights are omitted. Has no effect on non-kinship panels.
raster	A logical equivalent to useRaster option in the image function used internally, or a vector of such logicals if the choice varies per panel. If weights are non-NULL in a given panel, raster = FALSE is forced (this is necessary to plot images where columns and rows have variable width). If weights are NULL, the default is raster = TRUE, but in this case the user may override (for example, so panels are visually coherent when some use weights while others do not, as there are small differences in rendering implementation for each value of raster). Note that a multipanel figure with a list of weights sets raster = FALSE to all panels by default, even if the weights were only applied to a subset of panels. Has no effect on non-kinship panels.
sym	If FALSE (default), plots non-symmetric (but square) kinship matrices without issues. If TRUE, stops if any input kinship matrices (excluding phylo or function objects) are not symmetric. AXIS LABEL OPTIONS
...	Additional options passed to graphics::image(). These are shared across kinship panels. Have no effect on non-kinship panels.

Details

plot_popkin plots the input kinship matrices as-is. For best results, a standard kinship matrix (such as the output of popkin()) should have its diagonal rescaled to contain inbreeding coefficients using inbr_diag() before plot_popkin is used.

This function permits the labeling of individuals (from row and column names when names = TRUE) and of subpopulations (passed through labs). The difference is that the labels passed through labs are assumed to be shared by many individuals, and lines (or other optional visual aids) are added to demarcate these subgroups.

Examples

# Construct toy data
X <- matrix(c(0,1,2,1,0,1,1,0,2), nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE) # genotype matrix
subpops <- c(1,1,2) # subpopulation assignments for individuals

# NOTE: for BED-formatted input, use BEDMatrix!
# "file" is path to BED file (excluding .bed extension)
## library(BEDMatrix)
## X <- BEDMatrix(file) # load genotype matrix object

# estimate the kinship matrix from the genotypes "X"!
kinship <- popkin(X, subpops) # calculate kinship from X and optional subpop labels

# simple plot of the kinship matrix, marking the subpopulations only
# note inbr_diag replaces the diagonal of kinship with inbreeding coefficients
# (see vignette for more elaborate examples)
plot_popkin( inbr_diag(kinship), labs = subpops )

popkin documentation built on Jan. 7, 2023, 1:26 a.m.