CNull-package: CNull: Fast Algorithms for Frequency-Preserving Null Models...

Description Details Author(s) References Examples

Description

A package that speeds up statistical analysis requiring shuffling columns on big matrix data. The package provides functions for faster computation of diversity measure statistics when independent random shuffling is applied to the columns of a given matrix. Given a diversity measure f and a matrix M, the provided functions can generate random samples (shuffled matrix rows of M), the mean and variance of f, and the p-values of this measure for two different null models that involve independent random shuffling of the columns of M. The package supports computations of alpha and beta diversity measures.

Details

Package: CNull
Type: Package
Version: 1.0
Date: 2017-3-1
License: GPL-3

The package considers two different null models for shuffling a matrix M; we call the first model the permutation model (mentioned as SIM2 by Gotelli, Gotelli 2000). In this model, a matrix is shuffled by permuting the entries of each column in M independently, with uniform probability among all possible permutations. In the second model, the individual-based model (Stegen et al. 2013), the entries of each column in M are summed up, and then the column sum is distributed among the entries of the column. Both null models have been proven to be symmetric for every row in M (Tsirogiannis et al.); for any two rows i and j in M and a given alpha-diversity measure f, the values f(i) and f(j) have exactly the same distribution when the elements in M are perturbed according to one of the models described above.

The current package provides functions that implement the two described null models in a very efficient manner, which allows for processing very large matrix data even on standard computers. Given a matrix M, a measure f, and a number r of desired random repetitions, the package functions can compute the following for each of the described null models:

The package provides one function for each of the above problems, and for each of the described null models. The package provides functions both for alpha and beta diversity measures.

Author(s)

Constantinos Tsirogiannis and Adrija Kalvisa

Maintainer: Constantinos Tsirogiannis <tsirogiannis.c@gmail.com>

References

Gotelli, N. J., 2000. Null Model Analysis of Species Co-Occurrence Patterns. Ecology, 81(9), pp.2606-2621.

Stegen, J. C., Freestone, A. L., Crist, T. O., Anderson, M. J., Chase, J. M., Comita, L. S., Cornell, H. V., Davies, K. F., Harrison, S. P., Hurlbert, A. H., Inouye, B. D., Kraft, N. J. B., Myers, J. A., Sanders, N. J., Swenson, N. G., Vellend, M. (2013), Stochastic and Deterministic Drivers of Spatial and Temporal Turnover in Breeding Bird Communities. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22:202-212.

Tsirogiannis, C., A. Kalvisa, B. Sandel and T. Conradi. Column-Shuffling Null Models Are Simpler Than You Thought. To appear.

Examples

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#In the next example null-model calculations are
#performed using a function of phylogenetic diversity.
#Hence, we first load the required packages.
require(CNull)
require(ape)
require(PhyloMeasures)

#Load phylogenetic tree of bird families from package "ape"
data(bird.families, package = "ape")

#Create 100 random communities with 50 families each
comm = matrix(0,nrow = 100,ncol = length(bird.families$tip.label))
for(i in 1:nrow(comm)) {comm[i,sample(1:ncol(comm),50)] = 1}
colnames(comm) = bird.families$tip.label

#Set function f to be the Phylogenetic Diversity measure (PD)
#as defined in the R package PhyloMeasures.
my.f = function(mt,args){ return (pd.query(args[[1]],mt))}

# This function takes one extra argument, which is a phylogenetic tree.
# Hence, create a list whose only element is the desired tree.
arguments = list()
arguments[[1]] = bird.families

# Calculate the mean and variance of f in the permutation null
# model using 1000 Monte Carlo randomizations
permutation.moments.a(comm,f=my.f,args=arguments,reps=2000)

CNull documentation built on May 2, 2019, 1:44 p.m.