Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References See Also Examples
Function to predict the age at the onset of the first malignant given gender and smoking history, when relevant.
1 |
u |
random number required for the prediction |
g |
gender ("male" or "female") |
ts |
start smoking age (years) |
tq |
quit smoking age (years) |
d |
smoking intensity expressed as average number of cigarettes smoked per day |
The age at the onset for the first malignant cell is simulated based on the relevant hazard h(t) described by the TSCE carcinogenesis model (see function 'HT_mal
' for more details). Smoking history includes start and quit smoking ages, and smoking intensity expressed as average number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Predicted age (years) at which a person may develop the first malignant cell.
Stavroula A. Chrysanthopoulou
Moolgavkar, S. H., and Luebeck, G. (1990) Two-event model for carcinogenesis: Biological, mathematical, and statistical considerations. Risk Analysis, 10(2):323-341.
Heidenreich, W. F., Luebeck, E. G. and Moolgavkar, S. H. (1997) Some properties of the hazard function of the two-mutation clonal expansion model. Risk Analysis, 17(3):391-399.
Hazelton, W. D., Clements, M. S. and Moolgavkar, S. H. (2005) Multistage carcinogenesis and lung cancer mortality in three cohorts. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(5):1171-1181.
Hazelton, W. D., Luebeck, E. G., Heidenreich, W. E. and Moolgavkar, S. H.(2001) Analysis of a historical cohort of chinese tin miners with arsenic, radon, cigarette smoke, and pipe smoke exposures using the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model. Radiation Research, 156(1):78-94.
Meza, R., Hazelton, W. D., Colditz, G. A. and Moolgavkar, S. H. (2008) Analysis of lung cancer incidence in the nurses' health and the health professionals' follow-up studies using a multistage carcinogenesis model. Cancer Causes & Control, 19(3):317-328.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | # The following examples predict the possible ages at the onset of the first
# malignant cell of:
set.seed(7461)
# a man who has never smoked:
t_mal(runif(1), "male", NA, NA, NA)
# a man, current smoker,who started smoking at 20 years:
t_mal(runif(1), "male", 20, NA, 25)
# a man, former smoker, who started and quit smoking at 20 and 50 years respectively,
# and used to smoke 25 cigarettes per day on average:
t_mal(runif(1), "male", 20, 50, 25)
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