biplot2d: Draw a two-dimensional biplot.
In OpenRepGrid: Tools to Analyze Repertory Grid Data
View source: R/repgrid-plots.r
biplot2d R Documentation
Draw a two-dimensional biplot.
Description
The biplot is the central way to create a joint plot of elements and constructs. Depending on the parameters chosen
it contains information on the distances between elements and constructs. Also the relative values the elements have
on a construct can be read off by projection the element onto the construct vector. A lot of parameters can be
changed rendering different types of biplots (ESA, Slater's) and different looks (colors, text size). See the
example section below to get started.
Usage
biplot2d(
x,
dim = c(1, 2),
map.dim = 3,
center = 1,
normalize = 0,
g = 0,
h = 1 - g,
col.active = NA,
col.passive = NA,
e.point.col = "black",
e.point.cex = 0.9,
e.label.col = "black",
e.label.cex = 0.7,
e.color.map = c(0.4, 1),
c.point.col = "black",
c.point.cex = 0,
c.label.col = "black",
c.label.col.left = NULL,
c.label.col.right = NULL,
c.label.cex = 0.7,
c.color.map = c(0.4, 1),
c.points.devangle = 91,
c.labels.devangle = 91,
c.points.show = TRUE,
c.labels.show = TRUE,
e.points.show = TRUE,
e.labels.show = TRUE,
inner.positioning = TRUE,
outer.positioning = TRUE,
c.labels.inside = FALSE,
c.lines = TRUE,
col.c.lines = grey(0.9),
flipaxes = c(FALSE, FALSE),
strokes.x = 0.1,
strokes.y = 0.1,
offsetting = TRUE,
offset.labels = 0,
offset.e = 1,
axis.ext = 0.1,
mai = c(0.2, 1.5, 0.2, 1.5),
rect.margins = c(0.01, 0.01),
srt = 45,
cex.pos = 0.7,
xpd = TRUE,
unity = FALSE,
unity3d = FALSE,
scale.e = 0.9,
zoom = 1,
var.show = TRUE,
var.cex = 0.7,
var.col = grey(0.1),
...
)
Arguments
x
repgrid object.
dim
Dimensions (i.e. principal components) to be used for biplot
(default is c(1,2)).
map.dim
Third dimension (depth) used to map aesthetic attributes to
(default is 3).
center
Numeric. The type of centering to be performed.
0= no centering, 1= row mean centering (construct),
2= column mean centering (elements), 3= double-centering (construct and element means),
4= midpoint centering of rows (constructs).
The default is 1 (row centering).
normalize
A numeric value indicating along what direction (rows, columns)
to normalize by standard deviations. 0 = none, 1= rows, 2 = columns
(default is 0).
g
Power of the singular value matrix assigned to the left singular
vectors, i.e. the constructs.
h
Power of the singular value matrix assigned to the right singular
vectors, i.e. the elements.
col.active
Columns (elements) that are no supplementary points, i.e. they are used
in the SVD to find principal components. default is to use all elements.
col.passive
Columns (elements) that are supplementary points, i.e. they are NOT used
in the SVD but projected into the component space afterwards. They do not
determine the solution. Default is NA, i.e. no elements are set
supplementary.
e.point.col
Color of the element symbols. The default is "black".
Two values can be entered that will create a color ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color color value is supplied (e.g. "black")
no mapping occurs and all elements will have the same color
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
e.point.cex
Size of the element symbols. The default is .9.
Two values can be entered that will create a size ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color size value is supplied (e.g. .8)
no mapping occurs and all elements will have the same size
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
e.label.col
Color of the element label. The default is "black".
Two values can be entered that will create a color ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color color value is supplied (e.g. "black")
no mapping occurs and all labels will have the same color
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
e.label.cex
Size of the element labels. The default is .7.
Two values can be entered that will create a size ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color size value is supplied (e.g. .7)
no mapping occurs and all labels will have the same size
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
e.color.map
Value range to determine what range of the color ramp defined in
e.color will be used for mapping the colors.
Default is c(.4, ,1). Usually not important for the user.
c.point.col
Color of the construct symbols. The default is "black".
Two values can be entered that will create a color ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color color value is supplied (e.g. "black")
no mapping occurs and all construct will have the same color
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
c.point.cex
Size of the construct symbols. The default is .8.
Two values can be entered that will create a size ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color size value is supplied (e.g. .8)
no mapping occurs and all construct will have the same size
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
c.label.col
Color of the construct label. The default is "black".
Two values can be entered that will create a color ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color color value is supplied (e.g. "black")
no mapping occurs and all labels will have the same color
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
c.label.col.left, c.label.col.right
Explicit color values for left and right construct poles.
NULL by default. Will overwrite c.label.col.
c.label.cex
Size of the construct labels. The default is .7.
Two values can be entered that will create a size ramp. The values of
map.dim are mapped onto the ramp.
If only one color size value is supplied (e.g. .7)
no mapping occurs and all labels will have the same size
irrespective of their value on the map.dim dimension.
c.color.map
Value range to determine what range of the color ramp defined in
c.color will be used for mapping. Default is c(.4, ,1).
Usually not important for the user.
c.points.devangle
The deviation angle from the x-y plane in degrees. These can only be calculated
if a third dimension map.dim is specified. Only the constructs
that do not depart more than the specified degrees from the
x-y plane will be printed. This facilitates the visual
interpretation, as only vectors represented near the current plane
are shown. Set the value to 91 (default)
to show all vectors.
c.labels.devangle
The deviation angle from the x-y plane in degrees. These can only be calculated
if a third dimension map.dim is specified. Only the labels of constructs
that do not depart more than the specified degrees from the
x-y plane will be printed. Set the value to 91 (default)
to show all construct labels.
c.points.show
Whether the constructs are printed (default is TRUE).
FALSE will suppress the printing of the constructs.
To only print certain constructs a numeric vector can be
provided (e.g. c(1:10)).
c.labels.show
Whether the construct labels are printed (default is TRUE).
FALSE will suppress the printing of the labels.
To only print certain construct labels a numeric vector can be
provided (e.g. c(1:10)).
e.points.show
Whether the elements are printed (default is TRUE).
FALSE will suppress the printing of the elements.
To only print certain elements a numeric vector can be
provided (e.g. c(1:10)).
e.labels.show
Whether the element labels are printed (default is TRUE).
FALSE will suppress the printing of the labels.
To only print certain element labels a numeric vector can be
provided (e.g. c(1:10)).
inner.positioning
Logical. Whether to calculate positions to minimize overplotting of
elements and construct labels (default isTRUE). Note that
the positioning may slow down the plotting.
outer.positioning
Logical. Whether to calculate positions to minimize overplotting of
of construct labels on the outer borders (default isTRUE). Note that
the positioning may slow down the plotting.
c.labels.inside
Logical. Whether to print construct labels next to the points.
Can be useful during inspection of the plot (default FALSE).
c.lines
Logical. Whether construct lines from the center of the biplot
to the surrounding box are drawn (default is FALSE).
col.c.lines
The color of the construct lines from the center to the borders
of the plot (default is gray(.9)).
flipaxes
Logical vector of length two. Whether x and y axes are reversed
(default is c(F,F)).
strokes.x
Length of outer strokes in x direction in NDC.
strokes.y
Length of outer strokes in y direction in NDC.
offsetting
Do offsetting? (TODO)
offset.labels
Offsetting parameter for labels (TODO).
offset.e
offsetting parameter for elements (TODO).
axis.ext
Axis extension factor (default is .1). A bigger value will
zoom out the plot.
mai
Margins available for plotting the labels in inch
(default is c(.2, 1.5, .2, 1.5)).
rect.margins
Vector of length two (default is c(.07, .07)). Two values
specifying the additional horizontal and vertical margin around each
label.
srt
Angle to rotate construct label text. Only used in case offsetting=FALSE.
cex.pos
Cex parameter used during positioning of labels if prompted. Does
usually not have to be changed by user.
xpd
Logical (default is TRUE). Whether to extend text labels
over figure region. Usually not needed by the user.
unity
Scale elements and constructs coordinates to unit scale in 2D (maximum of 1)
so they are printed more neatly (default TRUE).
unity3d
Scale elements and constructs coordinates to unit scale in 3D (maximum of 1)
so they are printed more neatly (default TRUE).
scale.e
Scaling factor for element vectors. Will cause element points to move a bit more
to the center. (but only if unity or unity3d is TRUE).
This argument is for visual appeal only.
zoom
Scaling factor for all vectors. Can be used to zoom
the plot in and out (default 1).
var.show
Show explained sum-of-squares in biplot? (default TRUE).
var.cex
The cex value for the percentages shown in the plot.
var.col
The color value of the percentages shown in the plot.
...
parameters passed on to come.
Details
For the construction of a biplot the grid matrix is first centered and normalized according to the prompted options.
Next, the matrix is decomposed by singular value decomposition (SVD)
into
X = UDV^T
The biplot is made up of two matrices
X = GH^T
These matrices are construed on the basis of the SVD results.
\hat{X} = UD^gD^hV^T
Note that the grid matrix values are only recovered and
the projection property is only given if g + h = 1
See Also
Unsophisticated biplot: biplotSimple();
2D biplots:biplot2d(), biplotEsa2d(), biplotSlater2d();
Pseudo 3D biplots: biplotPseudo3d(), biplotEsaPseudo3d(), biplotSlaterPseudo3d();
Interactive 3D biplots: biplot3d(), biplotEsa3d(), biplotSlater3d();
Function to set view in 3D: home()
Examples
## Not run:
biplot2d(boeker) # biplot of boeker data
biplot2d(boeker, c.lines = T) # add construct lines
biplot2d(boeker, center = 2) # with column centering
biplot2d(boeker, center = 4) # midpoint centering
biplot2d(boeker, normalize = 1) # normalization of constructs
biplot2d(boeker, dim = 2:3) # plot 2nd and 3rd dimension
biplot2d(boeker, dim = c(1, 4)) # plot 1st and 4th dimension
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1) # assign singular values to con. & elem.
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, center = 1) # row centering (Slater)
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, center = 4) # midpoint centering (ESA)
biplot2d(boeker, e.color = "red", c.color = "blue") # change colors
biplot2d(boeker, c.color = c("white", "darkred")) # mapped onto color range
biplot2d(boeker, unity = T) # scale con. & elem. to equal length
biplot2d(boeker, unity = T, scale.e = .5) # scaling factor for element vectors
biplot2d(boeker, e.labels.show = F) # do not show element labels
biplot2d(boeker, e.labels.show = c(1, 2, 4)) # show labels for elements 1, 2 and 4
biplot2d(boeker, e.points.show = c(1, 2, 4)) # only show elements 1, 2 and 4
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.show = c(1:4)) # show constructs labels 1 to 4
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.show = c(1:4)) # show constructs labels except 1 to 4
biplot2d(boeker, e.cex.map = 1) # change size of texts for elements
biplot2d(boeker, c.cex.map = 1) # change size of texts for constructs
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, c.labels.inside = T) # constructs inside the plot
biplot2d(boeker,
g = 1, h = 1, c.labels.inside = T, # different margins and elem. color
mai = c(0, 0, 0, 0), e.color = "red"
)
biplot2d(boeker, strokes.x = .3, strokes.y = .05) # change length of strokes
biplot2d(boeker, flipaxes = c(T, F)) # flip x axis
biplot2d(boeker, flipaxes = c(T, T)) # flip x and y axis
biplot2d(boeker, outer.positioning = F) # no positioning of con.-labels
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.devangle = 20) # only con. within 20 degree angle
## End(Not run)
OpenRepGrid documentation built on April 3, 2025, 11:15 p.m.
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View source: R/repgrid-plots.r
| biplot2d | R Documentation |
Draw a two-dimensional biplot.
Description
The biplot is the central way to create a joint plot of elements and constructs. Depending on the parameters chosen it contains information on the distances between elements and constructs. Also the relative values the elements have on a construct can be read off by projection the element onto the construct vector. A lot of parameters can be changed rendering different types of biplots (ESA, Slater's) and different looks (colors, text size). See the example section below to get started.
Usage
biplot2d(
x,
dim = c(1, 2),
map.dim = 3,
center = 1,
normalize = 0,
g = 0,
h = 1 - g,
col.active = NA,
col.passive = NA,
e.point.col = "black",
e.point.cex = 0.9,
e.label.col = "black",
e.label.cex = 0.7,
e.color.map = c(0.4, 1),
c.point.col = "black",
c.point.cex = 0,
c.label.col = "black",
c.label.col.left = NULL,
c.label.col.right = NULL,
c.label.cex = 0.7,
c.color.map = c(0.4, 1),
c.points.devangle = 91,
c.labels.devangle = 91,
c.points.show = TRUE,
c.labels.show = TRUE,
e.points.show = TRUE,
e.labels.show = TRUE,
inner.positioning = TRUE,
outer.positioning = TRUE,
c.labels.inside = FALSE,
c.lines = TRUE,
col.c.lines = grey(0.9),
flipaxes = c(FALSE, FALSE),
strokes.x = 0.1,
strokes.y = 0.1,
offsetting = TRUE,
offset.labels = 0,
offset.e = 1,
axis.ext = 0.1,
mai = c(0.2, 1.5, 0.2, 1.5),
rect.margins = c(0.01, 0.01),
srt = 45,
cex.pos = 0.7,
xpd = TRUE,
unity = FALSE,
unity3d = FALSE,
scale.e = 0.9,
zoom = 1,
var.show = TRUE,
var.cex = 0.7,
var.col = grey(0.1),
...
)
Arguments
x |
|
dim |
Dimensions (i.e. principal components) to be used for biplot
(default is |
map.dim |
Third dimension (depth) used to map aesthetic attributes to
(default is |
center |
Numeric. The type of centering to be performed.
0= no centering, 1= row mean centering (construct),
2= column mean centering (elements), 3= double-centering (construct and element means),
4= midpoint centering of rows (constructs).
The default is |
normalize |
A numeric value indicating along what direction (rows, columns)
to normalize by standard deviations. |
g |
Power of the singular value matrix assigned to the left singular vectors, i.e. the constructs. |
h |
Power of the singular value matrix assigned to the right singular vectors, i.e. the elements. |
col.active |
Columns (elements) that are no supplementary points, i.e. they are used in the SVD to find principal components. default is to use all elements. |
col.passive |
Columns (elements) that are supplementary points, i.e. they are NOT used
in the SVD but projected into the component space afterwards. They do not
determine the solution. Default is |
e.point.col |
Color of the element symbols. The default is |
e.point.cex |
Size of the element symbols. The default is |
e.label.col |
Color of the element label. The default is |
e.label.cex |
Size of the element labels. The default is |
e.color.map |
Value range to determine what range of the color ramp defined in
|
c.point.col |
Color of the construct symbols. The default is |
c.point.cex |
Size of the construct symbols. The default is |
c.label.col |
Color of the construct label. The default is |
c.label.col.left, c.label.col.right |
Explicit color values for left and right construct poles.
|
c.label.cex |
Size of the construct labels. The default is |
c.color.map |
Value range to determine what range of the color ramp defined in
|
c.points.devangle |
The deviation angle from the x-y plane in degrees. These can only be calculated
if a third dimension |
c.labels.devangle |
The deviation angle from the x-y plane in degrees. These can only be calculated
if a third dimension |
c.points.show |
Whether the constructs are printed (default is |
c.labels.show |
Whether the construct labels are printed (default is |
e.points.show |
Whether the elements are printed (default is |
e.labels.show |
Whether the element labels are printed (default is |
inner.positioning |
Logical. Whether to calculate positions to minimize overplotting of
elements and construct labels (default is |
outer.positioning |
Logical. Whether to calculate positions to minimize overplotting of
of construct labels on the outer borders (default is |
c.labels.inside |
Logical. Whether to print construct labels next to the points.
Can be useful during inspection of the plot (default |
c.lines |
Logical. Whether construct lines from the center of the biplot
to the surrounding box are drawn (default is |
col.c.lines |
The color of the construct lines from the center to the borders
of the plot (default is |
flipaxes |
Logical vector of length two. Whether x and y axes are reversed
(default is |
strokes.x |
Length of outer strokes in x direction in NDC. |
strokes.y |
Length of outer strokes in y direction in NDC. |
offsetting |
Do offsetting? (TODO) |
offset.labels |
Offsetting parameter for labels (TODO). |
offset.e |
offsetting parameter for elements (TODO). |
axis.ext |
Axis extension factor (default is |
mai |
Margins available for plotting the labels in inch
(default is |
rect.margins |
Vector of length two (default is |
srt |
Angle to rotate construct label text. Only used in case |
cex.pos |
Cex parameter used during positioning of labels if prompted. Does usually not have to be changed by user. |
xpd |
Logical (default is |
unity |
Scale elements and constructs coordinates to unit scale in 2D (maximum of 1)
so they are printed more neatly (default |
unity3d |
Scale elements and constructs coordinates to unit scale in 3D (maximum of 1)
so they are printed more neatly (default |
scale.e |
Scaling factor for element vectors. Will cause element points to move a bit more
to the center. (but only if |
zoom |
Scaling factor for all vectors. Can be used to zoom
the plot in and out (default |
var.show |
Show explained sum-of-squares in biplot? (default |
var.cex |
The cex value for the percentages shown in the plot. |
var.col |
The color value of the percentages shown in the plot. |
... |
parameters passed on to come. |
Details
For the construction of a biplot the grid matrix is first centered and normalized according to the prompted options.
Next, the matrix is decomposed by singular value decomposition (SVD) into
X = UDV^T
The biplot is made up of two matrices
X = GH^T
These matrices are construed on the basis of the SVD results.
\hat{X} = UD^gD^hV^T
Note that the grid matrix values are only recovered and
the projection property is only given if g + h = 1
See Also
Unsophisticated biplot:
biplotSimple();2D biplots:
biplot2d(),biplotEsa2d(),biplotSlater2d();Pseudo 3D biplots:
biplotPseudo3d(),biplotEsaPseudo3d(),biplotSlaterPseudo3d();Interactive 3D biplots:
biplot3d(),biplotEsa3d(),biplotSlater3d();Function to set view in 3D:
home()
Examples
## Not run:
biplot2d(boeker) # biplot of boeker data
biplot2d(boeker, c.lines = T) # add construct lines
biplot2d(boeker, center = 2) # with column centering
biplot2d(boeker, center = 4) # midpoint centering
biplot2d(boeker, normalize = 1) # normalization of constructs
biplot2d(boeker, dim = 2:3) # plot 2nd and 3rd dimension
biplot2d(boeker, dim = c(1, 4)) # plot 1st and 4th dimension
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1) # assign singular values to con. & elem.
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, center = 1) # row centering (Slater)
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, center = 4) # midpoint centering (ESA)
biplot2d(boeker, e.color = "red", c.color = "blue") # change colors
biplot2d(boeker, c.color = c("white", "darkred")) # mapped onto color range
biplot2d(boeker, unity = T) # scale con. & elem. to equal length
biplot2d(boeker, unity = T, scale.e = .5) # scaling factor for element vectors
biplot2d(boeker, e.labels.show = F) # do not show element labels
biplot2d(boeker, e.labels.show = c(1, 2, 4)) # show labels for elements 1, 2 and 4
biplot2d(boeker, e.points.show = c(1, 2, 4)) # only show elements 1, 2 and 4
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.show = c(1:4)) # show constructs labels 1 to 4
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.show = c(1:4)) # show constructs labels except 1 to 4
biplot2d(boeker, e.cex.map = 1) # change size of texts for elements
biplot2d(boeker, c.cex.map = 1) # change size of texts for constructs
biplot2d(boeker, g = 1, h = 1, c.labels.inside = T) # constructs inside the plot
biplot2d(boeker,
g = 1, h = 1, c.labels.inside = T, # different margins and elem. color
mai = c(0, 0, 0, 0), e.color = "red"
)
biplot2d(boeker, strokes.x = .3, strokes.y = .05) # change length of strokes
biplot2d(boeker, flipaxes = c(T, F)) # flip x axis
biplot2d(boeker, flipaxes = c(T, T)) # flip x and y axis
biplot2d(boeker, outer.positioning = F) # no positioning of con.-labels
biplot2d(boeker, c.labels.devangle = 20) # only con. within 20 degree angle
## End(Not run)
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