HARDWATER: Mortality and Water Hardness

In PASWR2: Probability and Statistics with R, Second Edition

Description

Mortality and drinking water hardness for 61 cities in England and Wales

Usage

HARDWATER

Format

A data frame with 61 observations on the following 4 variables:

• location (a factor with levels North and South indicating whether the town is as far north as Derby or further)

• town (the name of the town)

• mortality (average annual mortality per 100,000 males)

• hardness (calcium concentration (in parts per million))

Details

These data were collected in an investigation of environmental causes of disease. They show the annual mortality rate per 100,000 for males, averaged over the years 1958-1964, and the calcium concentration (in parts per million) in the drinking water supply for 61 large towns in England and Wales. (The higher the calcium concentration, the harder the water.)

Source

D. J. Hand, F. Daly, A. D. Lunn, K. J. McConway and E. Ostrowski. 1994. A Handbook of Small Datasets. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London.

References

Ugarte, M. D., Militino, A. F., and Arnholt, A. T. 2015. Probability and Statistics with R, Second Edition. Chapman & Hall / CRC.

Examples

ggplot(data = HARDWATER, aes(x = hardness, y = mortality, color  = location)) + 
geom_point() + labs(y = "averaged annual mortality per 100,000 males", 
x = "calcium concentration (in parts per million)")

Example output

Loading required package: lattice
Loading required package: ggplot2

PASWR2 documentation built on Sept. 5, 2021, 5:44 p.m.