pint: Phenotypic integration index by Wagner
In PHENIX: Phenotypic Integration Index

Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References See Also Examples

Estimates phenotypic integration indices based on the variance of the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix between phenotypic traits following Wagner (1984).

1	pint(traits)

traits

a dataframe or a matrix object containing traits as columns and individuals as rows

This function estimates the phenotypic integration index (PINT) using the correlation matrix following Wagner (1984), as well as a phenotypic integration index (PINT.c) corrected by the number of traits and individuals of each population. The uncorrected estimate is also expressed as percentage depending on the maximum possible integration levels.

A list with five elements containing:

`PINT:`	The phenotypic integration index.
`RelPINT:`	Percentage of maximum possible integration.
`PINT.c:`	Corrected phenotypic integration index.
`N:`	Number of observations used.

R. Torices, A.J. Muñoz-Pajares

Cheverud, J.M., Wagner, G.P. & Dow, M.M. 1989. Methods for the comparative analysis of variation patterns. Systematic Zoology 38:201–213

Pavlicev, M., Cheverud, J.M. & Wagner, G.P. 2009. Measuring morphological integration using eigenvaluev ariance. Evolutionary Biology 36:157–170

Wagner, G.P. 1984. On the eigenvalue distribution of genetic and phenotypic dispersion matrices: evidence for a nonrandom organization of quantitative character variation. Journal of Mathematical Biology 21:77–95

pint.p, pint.boot, pint.jack, pintsc

# Dataset from Torices & Méndez (2014)
# This data set represents the dry mass (in grams) of inflorescence components of the sunflower
# species Tussilago farfara. The inflorescences were dissected in 'SCAPE', 'RECEPTACLE', 'MALEFL'
# (male flowers), 'OVAR' (reproductive part of female flowers), and 'RAYS' (the petaloid ray of
# female flower). Furthermore in the last column the total weight of the inflorescence is added
# 'TOTALSIZE'

data(tussilago)
pint (tussilago[,1:5]) # the last column is not included since represents the total size
# NOTE that the number of observations used by the function was 18 instead 29 that were
# included in the 'tussilago' data set. Missing values were removed.