update_reg: Update coefficient vector of multiple linear regression

In RprobitB: Bayesian Probit Choice Modeling

Update coefficient vector of multiple linear regression

Description

This function updates the coefficient vector of a multiple linear regression.

Usage

update_reg(mu0, Tau0, XSigX, XSigU)

Arguments

mu0	The mean vector of the normal prior distribution for the coefficient vector.
Tau0	The precision matrix (i.e. inverted covariance matrix) of the normal prior distribution for the coefficient vector.
XSigX	The matrix \sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}X_n. See below for details.
XSigU	The vector \sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}U_n. See below for details.

Details

This function draws from the posterior distribution of \beta in the linear utility equation

U_n = X_n\beta + \epsilon_n,

where U_n is the (latent, but here assumed to be known) utility vector of decider n = 1,\dots,N, X_n is the design matrix build from the choice characteristics faced by n, \beta is the unknown coefficient vector (this can be either the fixed coefficient vector \alpha or the decider-specific coefficient vector \beta_n), and \epsilon_n is the error term assumed to be normally distributed with mean 0 and (known) covariance matrix \Sigma. A priori we assume the (conjugate) normal prior distribution

\beta \sim N(\mu_0,T_0)

with mean vector \mu_0 and precision matrix (i.e. inverted covariance matrix) T_0. The posterior distribution for \beta is normal with covariance matrix

\Sigma_1 = (T_0 + \sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}X_n)^{-1}

and mean vector

\mu_1 = \Sigma_1(T_0\mu_0 + \sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}U_n)

. Note the analogy of \mu_1 to the generalized least squares estimator

\hat{\beta}_{GLS} = (\sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}X_n)^{-1} \sum_{n=1}^N X_n'\Sigma^{-1}U_n

which becomes weighted by the prior parameters \mu_0 and T_0.

Value

A vector, a draw from the normal posterior distribution of the coefficient vector in a multiple linear regression.

Examples

### true coefficient vector
beta_true <- matrix(c(-1,1), ncol=1)
### error term covariance matrix
Sigma <- matrix(c(1,0.5,0.2,0.5,1,0.2,0.2,0.2,2), ncol=3)
### draw data
N <- 100
X <- replicate(N, matrix(rnorm(6), ncol=2), simplify = FALSE)
eps <- replicate(N, rmvnorm(mu = c(0,0,0), Sigma = Sigma), simplify = FALSE)
U <- mapply(function(X, eps) X %*% beta_true + eps, X, eps, SIMPLIFY = FALSE)
### prior parameters for coefficient vector
mu0 <- c(0,0)
Tau0 <- diag(2)
### draw from posterior of coefficient vector
XSigX <- Reduce(`+`, lapply(X, function(X) t(X) %*% solve(Sigma) %*% X))
XSigU <- Reduce(`+`, mapply(function(X, U) t(X) %*% solve(Sigma) %*% U, X, U, SIMPLIFY = FALSE))
beta_draws <- replicate(100, update_reg(mu0, Tau0, XSigX, XSigU), simplify = TRUE)
rowMeans(beta_draws)

RprobitB documentation built on May 29, 2024, 7:59 a.m.