R/data.R

In adventr: Interactive R Tutorials to Accompany Field (2016), "An Adventure in Statistics"

#' Subset of Ha et al. (2010) data
#'
#' A dataset containing a random sample of 20 female participants from Ha, T.,
#' Overbeek, G., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010). Effects of Attractiveness and
#' Social Status on Dating Desire in Heterosexual Adolescents: An Experimental
#' Study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1063-1071. doi: 10.1007/s10508-009-9561-z.
#' It is usedin Chapter 3 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#'
#' @format A tibble with 20 rows and 13 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{age}{Age of the participant, years}
#'   \item{Sex}{Biological sex of the individual}
#'   \item{hi_salary}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a high salary in a potential romantic partner}
#'   \item{fin_ed}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner having finished their education}
#'   \item{kind}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being kind}
#'   \item{humour}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner having a sense of humour}
#'   \item{ambitious}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being ambitious}
#'   \item{wants_child}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner wanting children}
#'   \item{romantic}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being romantic}
#'   \item{attractive}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being physically attractive}
#'   \item{creativity}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being creative}
#'   \item{honest}{Rating (out of 10) of the importance of a potential romantic partner being honest}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"ha_dat"


#' Alice's RAS scores
#'
#' A dataset containing Alice's ratings on the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS)
#' over 10 weeks. It is taken from Chapter 4 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 10 rows and 2 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{week}{The week in which the rating was given}
#'   \item{rating}{Alice's score on the relaationship assessment scale}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"ras_dat"



#' JIG:SAW employee data.
#'
#' A dataset containing information about the characteristics of different groups of employees within
#' the corporation called JIG:SAW and non-employees. It is taken from Chapter 5 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 240 rows and 7 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{employee ID}
#'   \item{employee}{whether or not the employee works for JIG:SAW}
#'   \item{job_type}{Categories of employee}
#'   \item{footspeed}{Footspeed of the individual, miles per hour}
#'   \item{strength}{Maximal push force of the individual, Newtons}
#'   \item{vision}{Visual accuity}
#'   \item{sex}{Biological sex of the individual}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"jig_dat"

#' Teddy therapy data.
#'
#' A dataset based on two ficticious studies looking at whether cuddling a teddy bear (compared to the cardboard box that the teddy was packaged in) affects self-reported self-esteem.
#'It is taken from Chapter 10 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 220 rows and 4 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{group}{whether the participant cuddled a teddy bear or the cardboard box that contained the teddy bear}
#'   \item{study_n}{Factor that distinguishes the two studies in the data set. The first was based on a total N of 20 and the second was based on a total N of 200}
#'   \item{self_esteem}{Self-reported self-esteem scores}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"teddy_dat"

#' Subset of Zhang data (female sample N = 20)
#'
#' A dataset extracted from Ha, T., Overbeek, G., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010). Effects of Attractiveness and Social Status on Dating Desire in Heterosexual Adolescents: An Experimental Study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1063-1071. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9561-z.
#' The study looked at accuracy on a maths test when performed under the participant's own name or a fake name. It is taken from Chapter 15 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 20 rows and 2 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{name}{Specifies whether participants completed the test under their own name or a fake name}
#'   \item{accuracy}{Accuracy on a maths test, percent}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"zhang_female_dat"

#' Zombie garlic data
#'
#' A dataset relating to whether zombies can be repelled by garlic. It is taken from Chapter 14 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 10 rows and 3 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Victim ID}
#'   \item{latency}{The time taken for a zombie to approach the victim in seconds}
#'   \item{garlic}{The number of bulbs of garlic worn by the victim}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"garlic_dat"

#' Zombie immobility data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the degree to which zombies can be rendered immobile by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and zapping with a taser.
#' It is taken from Chapter 14 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 156 rows and 4 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Victim ID}
#'   \item{immobility}{The duration of the zombie's immobility, seconds}
#'   \item{r_tms}{The frequency of rTMS, Hz}
#'   \item{taser}{The output of the taser, kV}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"taser_dat"

#' Invisibility paste data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment:
#' "Twenty-eight participants were tested individually. Each participant sat on a revolving chair in the middle of a circle of 20 people.
#' The 20 people all wore a light deflecting aid on their face. For half of the participants (N = 14) the 20 people wore a standard calcite-based mask,
#' whereas the other half (N = 14) saw people wearing 'invisibility paste', a transparent cream containing calcite micro-crystals.
#' Participants looked at each person and were given two photographs, one depicting the person they were looking at and one depicting a different
#' person matched for age and sex. Participants had to decide which person they were looking at, before turning to the next person and being given
#' two different photographs. Participants scored a point for each person they identified correctly: a score of 0 would mean they always chose the
#' incorrect photo, a score of 20 would mean that they always chose the correct photo."
#' The data are taken from Chapter 15 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 28 rows and 3 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{mask}{Whether the person was assigned to the calcite mask condition or the invisibility paste condition}
#'   \item{recognition}{How many of the 20 people they correctly identified}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"mask_dat"

#' Calcite mask data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment, which is an extension of the invisibility paste data described elsewhere:
#' "... we asked whether we could manipulate the face perceived by the participant when viewing someone wearing calcite invisibility paste.
#' Participants were all so-called Chippers, who had ID chips installed in their brains. Each participant met 40 people who had calcite paste
#' on their face. For each of these people we took a photo of their face (the 'actual' face), and found a photo of a different face matched for
#' sex and age (the 'different' face). We could send these images to the participant's visual cortex using their ID chip.
#' For 20 of the encounters an image of the person's 'actual' face was transmitted to the participant's ID chip during the encounter, for the remaining
#' 20 encounters the 'different' face was sent to the chip. During each encounter the participant was shown the photos of the actual and different face
#' and pointed to the one depicting whom they thought they had just met. As in Experiment 1, participants scored a point for each person they correctly
#' identified: a score of 0 would mean that they never chose the correct photo, a score of 20 would mean that they always chose the correct photo."
#' The data are taken from Chapter 15 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 20 rows and 3 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{actual}{How many of the 20 people the participant correctly identified when a picture of the 'actual' person was transmitted to the participant's ID chip}
#'   \item{different}{How many of the 20 people the participant correctly identified when a picture of a 'different' person was transmitted to the participant's ID chip}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"calcite_dat"


#' Memory erasing data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment:
#' "Thirty-six participants with ID chips were tested individually. All participants met a stranger who had a 5-minute scripted conversation with
#' them containing 10 critical pieces of information. A week later, the participants were asked to recall the encounter for 5 minutes, and then after
#' a 10-minute break wrote everything that they could remember about the original encounter. During the 5-minute initial recall, one of three things
#' happened: the control group (N = 12) received no intervention; the erase group (N = 12) had a pulse of electricity sent to their brain via their
#' ID chip; and the replace group (N = 12) had conflicting verbal descriptions sent to their ID chip. The outcome was how many of the 10 critical
#' pieces of information the participants wrote down after the recall phase."
#' The data are taken from Chapter 16 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 36 rows and 7 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{group}{To which of the no intervention, memory erase or memory replace conditions the participant was assigned}
#'   \item{recall}{How many of the 10 critical pieces of information the participant identified}
#'   \item{erase_dummy}{Dummy variable that compares the erase condition to no intervention}
#'   \item{replace_dummy}{Dummy variable that compares the replace condition to no intervention}
#'   \item{contrast_1}{Variable that uses contrast codes to compare the memory conditions (combined) to no intervention}
#'   \item{contrast_2}{Variable that uses contrast codes to compare the erase condition to the replace condition}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"memory_dat"

#' Memory implanting data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment:
#' "We wanted to see whether our failure to replace memories was due to the type of conflicting information used. Five participants engaged in
#' three different scripted encounters with strangers during which 10 unusual things happened. After each encounter participants were asked to
#' privately recall what had happened. During the period of recall for one encounter they were left alone (control), during the recall of another
#' their ID chip was used to implant a verbal description of the encounter in which the 10 unusual events were replaced with different events, and
#' during the recall of the final encounter their ID chip was used to implant visual images of 10 different things to what they actually experienced.
#' Each participant, therefore, experienced three encounters and a different type of recall manipulation followed each one; the type of manipulation
#' associated with a particular encounter was counterbalanced. Finally, participants recalled the event for a second time and we measured how many
#' of the 10 unusual events that they originally experienced that they could recall."
#' The data are taken from Chapter 16 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 5 rows and 4 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{no_interference}{How many of the 10 unusual events were remembered when there was no interference}
#'   \item{verbal}{How many of the 10 unusual events were remembered when verbal information was used as interference}
#'   \item{visual}{How many of the 10 unusual events were remembered when visual images were used as interference}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"implant_dat"

#' Alice's gene data
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment:
#' Participants who had facial burns were recruited. One-week pre-test, a gene C-10XFMG (the so-called chameleon gene)
#' was introduced into all participants.Two days prior to test, a genetic toggle switch was introduced into half of the participants.
#' Half of the participants were asked to look at a photograph of themselves from before their injury and to imagine the cells in their faces
#' changing to become like the photo. The remainder acted as a control and were asked to look at a picture of a same-sex stranger and to try
#' to change their face to become the person in the picture. All participants looked at the picture for 6 sessions of 20 minutes each.
#' At the end of the sessions their faces were scanned into a computer and compared to the face in the photograph.
#' Facial recognition software produced a precise resemblance measure as a percentage (100% = the participants face is exactly like the face
#' in the photograph, 0% the person in the photo bears no resemblance at all to the participant).
#' The data are taken from Chapter 17 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage.
#'
#' @format A tibble with 32 rows and 4 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{picture}{A factor describing whether a participant tried to resemble a picture of themselves (Self), or a matched stranger (Other)}
#'   \item{gene}{A factor describing whether a participant received the toggle switch (C-gene + Toggle) or not (C-gene)}
#'   \item{resemblance}{How closely their face resembled the picture (100\% = the participants face is exactly like the face in the photograph, 0\% the person in the photo bears no resemblance at all to the participant)}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"alice_dat"

#' Memory erasing data with covariate
#'
#' A dataset relating to the following fictitious experiment from Chapter 16 of Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage:
#' "Thirty-six participants with ID chips were tested individually. All participants met a stranger who had a 5-minute scripted conversation with
#' them containing 10 critical pieces of information. A week later, the participants were asked to recall the encounter for 5 minutes, and then after
#' a 10-minute break wrote everything that they could remember about the original encounter. During the 5-minute initial recall, one of three things
#' happened: the control group (N = 12) received no intervention; the erase group (N = 12) had a pulse of electricity sent to their brain via their
#' ID chip; and the replace group (N = 12) had conflicting verbal descriptions sent to their ID chip. The outcome was how many of the 10 critical
#' pieces of information the participants wrote down after the recall phase."
#'
#'This version of the data includes an additional variable that measured working memory in each participant (as their digit span).
#'
#' @format A tibble with 36 rows and 7 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{recall}{How many of the 10 critical pieces of information the participant identified}
#'   \item{group}{To which of the no intervention, memory erase or memory replace conditions the participant was assigned}
#'   \item{working_mem}{Variable that measures working memory capacity as the individual's digit span}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"mem_cov_dat"


#' Zombie rehabilitation data
#'
#' A dataset not from Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage, but continuing the theme of the story. At the end of the book
#' it is revealed that Alice used her C-gene therapy to restore the code 1318 workers to a human state. This dataset relates to her first attempt. It contains data from
#' 190 code 1318 workers treated at 10 different clinics. Workers were randomly assigned to two arms of the trial (wait list vs.C-gene therapy) and the outcome was
#' how much they resembled their pre-zombie state (as a percentage). The zombification occurred as a result of these workers entering JIG:SAWs genetic enhancement programme (GEP),
#' and additional variables quantify how long it has been since they entered this programme (i.e., how long have they been a zombie) and whether they were originally
#' exposed to the low- or high-intensity GEP.
#'
#'
#' @format A tibble with 190 rows and 6 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{id_clin}{Factor that codes which of 10 clinics the participant attended}
#'   \item{intervention}{Factor that codes which arm of the trial the participant was randomized to (0 = wait list, 1 = gene therapy)}
#'   \item{resemblance}{How closely their face resembled their pre-zombified state (100\% = the participants face is exactly like their original face, 0\% the person bears no resemblance to their pre-zombified face)}
#'   \item{gep_level}{Factor that codes whether the participant was originally exposed to the low- (0) or high-intensity (1) genetic enhancement program at JIG\:SAW}
#'   \item{tse_months}{How many months since the participant completed the genetic enhancement program that resulted in their zombification}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"rehab_dat"

#' Zombie rehabilitation longitudinal data
#'
#' A dataset not from Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage, but continuing the theme of the story. At the end of the book
#' it is revealed that Alice used her C-gene therapy to restore the code 1318 workers to a human state. This dataset relates to her second attempt. It contains data from
#' 141 code 1318 workers measured at four timepoints (baseline and 1, 6, and 12 month follow-up). Workers were randomly assigned to two arms of the trial (wait list vs. C-gene therapy) and the outcome was
#' how much they resembled their pre-zombie state (as a percentage).
#'
#'
#' @format A tibble with 564 rows and 5 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{intervention}{character vector that codes which arm of the trial the participant was randomized to (wait list or gene therapy)}
#'   \item{resemblance}{How closely their face resembled their pre-zombified state (100\% = the participants face is exactly like their original face, 0\% the person bears no resemblance to their pre-zombified face)}
#'   \item{time}{Character vector that expresses when resemblance was measured as "t0" (baseline), "t1" (1 month follow-up), "t6" (6-month follow up) and "t12" (12-month follow-up)}
#'   \item{time_num}{integer vector exptressing time in months from baseline (0, 1, 6, 12) as a number}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"rehab_growth_dat"


#' Zombie recovery data
#'
#' A dataset not from Field, A. P. (2016). An adventure in statistics: the reality enigma. London: Sage, but continuing the theme of the story. At the end of the book
#' it is revealed that Alice used her C-gene therapy to restore the code 1318 workers to a human state. This dataset relates to her third attempt. It contains data from 400 code 1318 workers.
#' Workers were randomly assigned to two arms of a trial (C-gene therapy and C-gene therapy with a toggle switch). They were also given one of five different doses of C-gene: 0 (no dose) or 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses.
#' The outcome was whether (or not) the worker had fully recovered after the treatment.
#'
#'
#' @format A tibble with 400 rows and 4 variables:
#' \describe{
#'   \item{id}{Participant ID}
#'   \item{treatment}{character vector that codes which arm of the trial the participant was randomized to (no toggle switch or toggle switch)}
#'   \item{dose}{The dose of C-gene used during treatment (0 doses, 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses)}
#'   \item{recovered}{Character vector that expresses whether or not the participant had recovered following treatment (Recovered or Not Recovered)}
#' }
#' @source \url{https://www.discoveringstatistics.com/books/an-adventure-in-statistics/}

"recovery_dat"